BB News No. 74 dtd 15 Feb 2000

THE BURGENLAND BUNCH NEWS - No. 74 DEDICATED TO AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN BURGENLAND FAMILY HISTORY (issued biweekly by G. J. Berghold) February 15, 2000 (all rights reserved) "Seldom (do) three descents continue good." -Dryden: The Wife of Bath: Her Tale Note to recipients. If you don't want to receive Burgenland Bunch newsletters, email with message "remove". ("Cancel" will cancel membership, homepage listings and mail.) To join, see our homepage. We can't help with non-Burgenland family history. Comments and articles are appreciated. Please add your name to email, otherwise we must search four large membership lists. Staff and web site addresses are listed at the end of each newsletter section "B". This first section of the 3 section newsletter contains data on the northern Village of Tadten, the Obituary of Ladislaus Esterhazy, Comments on the Batthyány Crypt in Güssing, A Coffee Shop in NY, A Letter About the South Bend, IN Enclave, A New Member's Lament, a Request for Descendant Information and A New Rudersdorf Bankerlsitzler. VILLAGE OF TADTEN (from Albert Schuch) Tadten ------ (source: Josef Loibersbeck: Am Waasen. In: Volk und Heimat 1966, # 10-13; summarized and translated by Albert Schuch, February 2000) First mentioned in a document dated 1250, when King Andreas II ruled Hungary: The priest of "Tetuna" donated a vineyard to the Abbey of Csorna. In the centuries to come, the village would be named Tetun, Theten, Taton and Tétény. The origin of the village name is in dispute: Hungarian researchers say it is a Hungarian name, whereas German researchers say it is a German name. (A typical situation for village names in border regions.) In 1391 and 1399 the nobles of Tadten sold parts of their property to Johann KESSLER, a German knight from Hamburg, who had come to Hungary to serve in King Sigismund's army. Tadten seems to have remained in the hands of members of the lesser aristocracy throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Tadten had its "share" of the Turkish sieges of Vienna (1529 and 1683) and of the Bocskay rebellion (1605-06), when parts of the village were destroyed. Lutheran preachers were active from 1596 until 1674: Johann PERICH (1596), Peter VODORITS (1600, from St. Niklas), Michael SZEREDI (1612), Thomas SZEREDI (1631), Georg LAZIUS (1640), Georg BOGNÁR (1642), Georg PALLA VON TURÁCZ (1653-59), Stefan HORETZKY (1670-72) and Andreas SÁROSY (1672-74, former teacher in Güns). When the Lutheran Bishop Gregor MUZSAY inspected the parish in 1653, the preacher was already old. The farmers who were present at this inspection were named FALLER, FÁNYES, ANDA, UZSORÁS, GAZDAG, HATOS etc. (apart from Faller all Hungarian names). Martin MARTINIDES was teacher. The inhabitants were mostly Hungarian Lutherans, only a few German and Croatian Catholics. A catholic ecclesiastical inspection of 1659 gives the same picture. Another one from 1680 reports that a Francisan Father from Frauenkirchen serves as priest, and Georg VENUS (FÁNYES) is teacher, who has just converted to catholicism. Another inspection of 1693 says that the village is owned by Count Franz Esterházy, Paul Bezerédy, Sigismund Svastich (Schostik) and Peter Balog. Of 650 inhabitants 510 are still Lutherans. The church is said to have been damaged and looted by the Turks in 1683. Around 1700 Prince Paul Esterházy took control of the village and counter-reformation started, like everywhere on his properties. The ecclesiastical inspection of 1713 names Johann HÁDERVÁRY (65 y) as priest, and Georg KLEMENS (25 y) as teacher. Church records start in 1712. Surnames mentioned there 1712-1760: Hungarian names like: SZALAY, SEREGÁLY, LENDVAY, FEJES, MOLNÁR, POLGÁR, EÖZSI, HATOS, HORVÁT, HARASZTI, GRÁTZÄ, NÁMET, SZIJJÁRTÄ, FARKAS, KOPPI (KAPI), ÁRPÁS, GARAI, SZABÄ, MADARÁSZ, EPERJES, KÜMÁHES (KÖMIVES), CSUNYI, WENES (FÁNYES), LAPINCS, BALOG, SÁNTA, SZÁK, KRAJZÁR, NAGY, VARGA, BALÁZS, RÁKÄCZI, ESSÖ, BORS, HÖVE, GULÁS, BUJTÁS, KOMP, PLÄSI, LAKI, KÁNTOR, HUSZAR, GYÖRIG, CSONTOS. German names like: HUMMER, MOIK, FÄHNRICH, PILLER, EHMER, PESSL, WALTER, PÖLTZER, KRAIS, LANG, BRASCH, PRETLER, PRETALLER, PILLER, PELTZMANN, EBNER, HÄCK, SCHACK, WERL, MEIDINGER, SCHNEIDER, SATTLER, MÄDL, HERZOG, LEHRNER, GRASS, MACHERL, TEHET, KOHLNBERGER, SCHADEN, MITTENÄCKER, KAPELLER, PAAR, POTZ, NÄGLER, ZORN, GRASSL, ZIMMERMANN, MOLLER, SCHUSTER, FISCHER, HALBAUER, WEISS, STAUDINGER, WAGNER, THELL, HAUPTMANN, LIEBMANN, ZWICKL, SEIBART, KUGLER, GATTINGER, UNGER. Croatian names like: HUSSOVITSCH, BURITSCH, KOLLOWITSCH, TURPAK, GOLDENITSCH, PAUKOWITSCH (PALKOWITSCH), WUSCHITSCH. Gypsies' names like: LÁZÁR, PETRUS, VÖRÖS, TÄKÖZI. 18th century Catholic priests after Johann Héderväry: Johann Gabriel KOLLER (1718-20), Josef LIEBEL (1720-38), Josef DIAKOVITS (1739-43), Georg MAIER (1743-51), Georg RAAB (1751-53), Franz REICHARDT (1753-93), Franz RAFFEL (1794-1846, died 84 y old after 51 y of service). 18th century teachers: Franz HORVATH (1718-20, married), Stefan BOROS (1721-28, married with Helene, Maria SEMLER), Michael CHECH (1734, married), Georg ENDRÁDI (1748), Stefan KNAUSS (1750, married with Elisabeth HARASZTI), Paul BOKOR (1752, married with Elisabeth SCHNEIDER), Josef STUPPACHER (1765-68, married), Josef Michael PLEININGER (1777-94, married with Maria GLATZ), Jakob MAIER (1792, married with Therese STUPPACHER), Jakob SZABADOS (1794-99, married). The church records also mention the names of Prince Esterhäzy's local estate managers: DOMSCHITZ (1712), PINTER (1736), HAISSAN (1754), KRAMMER (1763), RIEDL (1792), Michael SEREGÁLY (1793). Composer Joseph HAYDN's g-grandfather Kaspar HAYDN was born in Tadten ca. 1630. In 1740 another member of this family, Michael HAYDN, was "Richter" (equivalent of a mayor, but not exactly the same) of Tadten. In 1786 the Lutherans of Tadten tried to establish a parish, but it turned out to be too small, so they became a part of Gols parish soon. 19th and 20th century Catholic priests: Josef KUNTZ (1846-48), Heinrich DUSAR (1848-81), Josef BEHOFSICH (1881-1909), Johann KUCHER (1909-15), Johann FLICKER (1915-47), Josef BALLA (1947-?, from Unterschützen). Until 1802 Andau was a part of Tadten parish. Teachers: Georg STUPPACHER (1806), Josef WAITZ (1812), Florian KLAUSS (1820-29), Franz SMOLIK (1822, assistant teacher), Peter SCHÖLL (1835-58, married with Anna SCHEDL), Georg KRESSNER (ca. 1845, assistant teacher, married with Elisabeth PINTER), Gabriel SCHÖLL (1856-58), Michael SCHÖLL (1873-80), Karl NADHERA (1882-88, married), Julius SCHMAL (1888-1927, from Steinamanger), Michael MOLLAY (1927-39, from Oggau, son in law of his predecessor), Simon ROTH (1945-46), Josef MOTAL (1949-?) The church records mention the merchant Leopold MAUTNER in and after 1844, and the master baker Ferdinand BRUNNER starting from 1872. The Esterhäzy estate was mortgaged to one Ernst GAUPMANN in 1850. Statistical data: 1720: 36 farmers and 21 Söllner. By nationality: 22 Hungarians, 30 Germans, 5 Croats; 1833: 146 houses, 810 inhabitants; 1900: 168 houses, 1248 inh. (172 Hungarians, 1076 Germans; by religion: 1125 Catholics, 100 Lutherans, 23 Jews); 1934: 197 houses, 1548 inh. (1422 Germans, 125 Hungarians, 1 Croat; by religion: 1430 Cath., 111 Luth., 7 Jews). DR. LADISLAUS (LÁSZLÓ) ESTERHÁZY 1905-2000 (from Albert Schuch) (Ed. Note: In studying Burgenland History, I've developed a great deal of respect for the Esterházy and Batthyány familes. As the prime aristocrats of the Burgenland area from the 16th to the 20th centuries, they more than anyone else determined the conditions under which our ancestors lived. In a period when the European peasants' yoke was a heavy one, I feel these two families must be noted for their general tolerance and good works.) On January 15, 2000 Dr. Ladislaus Esterházy was laid to rest in the family crypt in Eisenstadt's Franciscan church. Läszlo Esterházy, born June 4, 1905, was the youngest brother of the late Prince Paul Esterházy. After growing up in Eszterháza and Eisenstadt he studied agriculture in Keszthely and political science in Budapest (wherein he earned a doctoral degree). In 1929 he married Mariette Countess Erdödy de Monyorókerék and Monoszló. The couple lived on his estate Majsa (in Hungary). They had 4 daughters and a son, who died in an accident in Illmitz (Burgenland) in 1958. In the 1930's Läszló Esterhäzy inherited the Pottendorf estate from his uncle Prince Nikolaus. In 1946 he was imprisoned for a short time. The Communist government confiscated his Hungarian property and he moved to Pottendorf, Austria. During the Hungarian uprising of 1956 he was very active in providing aid to his countrymen who fled to Austria by the thousands. For this and his life long cooperation with ecclesiastical organisations he was awarded the Papal order "Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice". Läszló Esterhäzy spent his last days in Lockenhaus castle, in the company of his wife and his daughters. He died there on January 5, 2000. BATTHYÁNY CRYPT GÜSSING (Albert Schuch) The Batthyány family crypt in Güssing, situated underneath the Franciscan church, is the second largest of its kind in Austria. (The largest is the Habsburg crypt in Vienna's first district, known as "Kapuzinergruft".) Currently the crypt is undergoing renovation. This work is said to be finished by the end of the year 2000, and it started just recently with the crypt's oldest parts, namely the sarcophagi of Count Adam Batthyány (died 1659) and his wife Baroness Aurora von Formentini. Their priceless tin sarcophagi were made by Zacharias Laufer. The crypt, founded in 1648, is probably best known for containing the sarcophagus of Fieldmarshall Prince Karl Joseph Batthyány, whom Maria Theresia chose as educator (Ajo) for her son, Emperor Joseph II. He died in 1772 and his lead sarcophagus is a work of well known artist Balthasar Moll. "BIG APPLE STRUDEL" IN NEW YORK (Albert Schuch) The Austrian daily "Die Presse" recently (January 22, 2000) included an article about an Austrian coffeehouse in New York, the "Big Apple Strudel" in Manhattan (Upper East-Side). 30 year old co-owner Franziska SORGER (a native of Styria) came to the US in 1994. She started this business 3 years ago, after having received her green card. Meanwhile, her coffehouse is well known in the area for its many Austrian pastries (including, of course, apple strudel), the Linzer, Salzburg, Viennese and Grazer Breakfast, Wiener Schnitzel and Goulash Soup. And once a year Franziska Sorger bakes a New Years Eve Cake for NY Mayor Rudolph Giuliani. (Ed. Note: my maternal grandfather Alois Sorger descends from a long line of Sorgers in the Güssing area-while I have no proven links, the proximity to Styria and the uncommon name make the above most interesting.) A LETTER ABOUT THE BURGENLAND ENCLAVE OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA (from Mary Morey) Ed. Note: In the same way that our ancestors' immigration stories are being forgotten, so too are the memories of first and second generation descendants who remember their immigrant parents and grand parents. It is still not to late to record them and thanks to some of the members of the Burgenland Bunch, we are starting to get those stories for publication. The following concerns the Burgenland immigrant enclave of South Bend, Indiana. Mary has provided an excellent description of how it was. She writes: "Greetings from Mary Morey in North Liberty, Indiana: I want to let you know how much I appreciate the help I've gotten from the BB and your newsletters. I am going thru the archives for the second time. I am pleased I found 2 "cousins" Rosemary Bradford and Norm Pihale. I have also been in contact with Konrad Unger in Wallern thru them. He has an excellent website at http://homepages.go.com/~konrad_unger I purchased 2 books from amazon.com I find very interesting - "Exploring Rural Austria" and "Austrian Cooking and Baking" both authored by Gretel Beer. I also have the "Weihnachtszeit-Christmastime in Germany" cassette tape by Al Meixner which is wonderful. It brings back good memories. I found an excellent article "The World of Suleyman the Magnificent" in the Nov. 1987 issue of National Geographic. It tells of the Turks seige of Austria and Hungary. There has been some discussion of Burgenland immigrants in various cities. I am a first generation American and altho I can barely remember what I did yesterday, I can recall names of Burgenland immigrants in South Bend, Indiana. Most of them attended St. Mary's RC Church on S. Taylor Street until the church and school were demolished and govt. housing was built in its place. There was a mass said in German occasionally by Fr. Louis Putz who taught at Notre Dame U. A new church and parochial school (St. Mary's of the Assumption) was built on Locust Road southwest of the city limits. Some of the old timers were very upset when they found out they couldn't keep the beautiful altar, statues, stain glass windows, etc. for the new church. They felt they paid for them and belonged to them. The Burgenlanders lived in the southwest part of SBend along with the Hungarians who attend Our Lady of Hungary RC Church on Calvert Street. Many of them intermarried. The German speaking have the Deutsch Fortbuildung Verein on the corner of Prairie Ave. and Indiana Ave. (now known as the German Club) and the Hungarians had the Wm. Penn Club on Indiana Ave. (half block away) which has disbanded. There was also the Mannerchor which has disbanded. The immigrants came to S.Bend for job opportunities (they thought the streets were paved with gold-my mother's words-she did housework until she married and cared for a family of 3 daughters). My mother was Magdalena Gross from Frauenkirchen and father was John Strobl from Neckenmarkt. They met in South Bend through mutual friends. Most of the Burgenlanders are buried in Highland Cemetery on Portage Ave. The men found jobs at Studebakers, Singers (sewing machines), Olivers (farm equipment), Bendix (aviation) and Drewrys Brewery as well as smaller companies who supplied parts to these companies. These are the Burgenland families I recall: Andert, Bleich, Csenar, Ettl (grocer), Freitag (tavern), Fuchs, Ganser, Gross, Gruber (grocer), Haas, Hahn, Horwarth, Hutter, Kallinger, Kierein, Kirsits, Kotal, Kurz, Lentsch (bakery-they sponsored my mother coming to this country in 1923), Mayerhofer, Pantzer, Paar, Piller, Rammer, Reiner, Romwalter, Scheidl, Scheu, Seiler/Sailer, Siderits, Steinhofer, Strantz, Strobl, Tschida, Wallisch, Weinzetl, Weiss, Wieger, Winkler and Zwickl. These are names of some of their friends and neighbors: Barilich, Benko, Brenner, Buzolitz, Dezamitz, Eichstadt, Farkas, Gerenczer, Herczog, Horvath, Katona, Keglovits (grocer), Kish, Kocsis, Kovatch, Lehner, Mezzei (grocer), Miko, Nagy, Nemeth (funeral home), Nyari, Olczak (attorney), Petrass (family doctor who made house calls), Pinter, Szabo, Szalay, Szucs, Takacs, Toth, Vargo, Wukovits, and Zahoran (funeral home). I regret I cannot speak or write German altho I can understand some. My older sister (8 years older) started school knowing only German. The teachers told my parents they lived in the United States now and to speak English with us. They hardly knew English themselves. My mother had a fifth grade education. Both my parents taught themselves to read, write and speak English. There were extremely stressful times during WW II. Family members and loved ones were killed in the war. My mother and younger sister went to Burgenland in 1970 and 1982. I asked them to ask family members for names & dates for genealogy. Some information was obtained from the Frauenkirchen church records. They were told by family this information was none of my business. They had a hard time trusting anyone since the war. We lived in the country on 10 acres. Our family had 2 cows for milk, butter and cottage cheese. We raised chickens for eating and eggs, and a hog for butchering (had a smokehouse) and a large garden. My father and some of his friends made their own wine from Concord grapes. He died at an early age of 48 years. As in most cities, the old neighberhoods have changed over the years. Some of the older homes are in disrepair and have been torn down. The younger generation moves onward and upward to bigger and better jobs and neighborhoods." The time period I recalled of the former St. Marys RC Church was in the 1940s through 1960s. I thought of a few more names - the Burgenland families also include Billischitz, Handler, Heschl and Mittermayer. Their friends and neighbors include Hupka, Karafa, Kazmarek and Szoke. Sincerely, Mary Strobl Morey A NEW MEMBER'S LAMENT AND OUR ANSWER Mary Ann E. Krisa writes: I've been subscribing to Burgenlandische Gemeinschaft since 1976. My grandfather's name was Paul Mirokovits and he came from Moeschendorf. My grandmother always said she was from "Burgenland auf der Pinka." She mentioned Güssing but we don't think she lived in the town. Her maiden name was Eberhard. She had a cousin who lived in Eisenberg but we've forgotten her name. My parents live in Northampton PA USA. My mother used to speak Hienzisch with her family and almost all our neighbors. Now she has no one left to talk to. I used to be a German teacher and I can understand that dialect and read it. But I could never hold a conversation in it. When my parents ' generation passes away, so will the Burgenland culture and language in this country. I really would like to know about our family in Austria. At the very least, I can make my own children aware of who their forefathers are. I'm very glad to be able to turn on the internet and see over 4,000 references to the Burgenland. My own mother never knew anything about it. We had one black and whilte photo of a wooded field that was taken in Moeschendorf--that's all any of us ever had from the "old country." Until we discovered BG, we had no idea where the Burgenland even was. In 1991 my oldest son and I were in Vienna and we went to Güssing by bus for a day trip. We were in a cenetery looking at names on tombstones when 2 women started a conversation with us. Both had relatives from the Allentown area, which amazed and delighted us. I intend to visit again with my 2 other children and certainly see Moeschendorf this time. I'm looking forward to hearing from you. Mary Ann Krisa (from Scranton, PA area) Our Reply: No the Burgenland culture will not pass, which is one reason why I started the Burgenland Bunch. The lack of knowledge among the younger generations is due mostly to the language barrier and secondly to the fact that the geography and history of the Burgenland is not well known. Few even realize that the name was first used in 1921 although thr region has been inhabited since the stone age. The political changes likewise can be confusing. Hungarian-Austrian--German and Croatian influence-Turkish invasion-Austrian-Hungarian-German anschluss-Russian occupation-Austrian. One must read many histories to unravel the enigma of this newest but oldest Austrian "Land". We are attempting to rectify the situation. As you look through our archives, you will find todate 73 newsletters concerning Burgenland family history; newsletters from the last two years alone average 24 pages per edition. Stay with us and learn about the Burgenland. Print some for your children. Look for the Moschendorf and Eisenberg writeups in our index available in our archives from the homepage. You also write: <<I've been subscribing to Burgenlandische Gemeinschaft since 1976. My grandfather's name was Paul Mirokovits and he came from Moeschendorf. My grandmother always said she was from"Burgenland auf der Pinka."She mentioned Güssing but we don't think she lived in the town. Her maiden name was Eberhard. She had a cousin who lived in Eisenberg but we've forgotten her name.>> We would like to see an abbreviated English language edition of the Burgenländische Gemeinschaft News on the internet. Modern computer technology makes this feasible although the language translation is still labor intensive. The Mirokovits name is a Croatian one and the Moschendorf phone book still has one family by that name. I suggest you contact Frank Teklits, our Croatian contributing editor. He may be able to tell you more. He was born and raised in Northampton. Güssing is important to you because it is the "Bezirk" for the region which includes Moschendorf. My maternal grandparents also came from the Güssing area-paternal from Heiligenkreuz-Poppendorf. Eisenberg is slightly north east of Güssing-we have an Eberhard (Frieda) among our membership. The Burgenland church records available from the LDS are an added plus for those interested in family history. No other group enjoys such a wealth of pre immigration data. We are also explaining how these may be read and translated. We now have close to 500 members, so you see interest in Burgenland culture is not dying-it just needs a little fertilization and tender care! If you'd like to join us, just follow the instructions below-we'll be glad to have you. SEEKING DESCENDANTS OF BURGENLAND IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES Maria Gartner from Illmitz, Friedhofgasse 9 seeks descendants of immigrants from her family in the USA. The last known address she has is an Alice Haider, 1670 Ashland Ave., St. Paul / Minn.55104 Alice Haider was the daughter of Michael Haider, born in Illmitz 26. 9. 1885 and died 23. June1960. If you have information concerning descendants of the St. Paul "Haider" family please respond to: Bgld.Gemeinschaft, Renate Dolmanits; Burgenlaendische Gemeinschaft Hauptplatz 7 A-7540 Güssing tel: 03322/42598; fax: 03322/42133 A NEW RUDERSDORF "BANKERLSITZLER" (Peter Sattler and G. Berghold) In every village you'll find a bench (Bankerl) or two which serve as meeting places for a few village elders. It may be by the village green, the Gemeindeamt, the local Gasthaus, the cemetery or elsewhere. In visiting southern Burgenland, my wife and I often ate our picnic lunches sitting on these benches. The older folks gather by these benches and spread the news (read "gossip"). Peter Sattler, editor of the Rudersdorf internet news selected his local Bankerl as the title amd focus of his news site. He even features pictures of the locals using the bench for their daily news exchange. The website is in German and provides news items for Rudersdorf, Dobersdorf, Deutsch Kaltenbrün and Jennersdorf among others. All are in Bezirk Jennersdorf, the most southerly Burgenland district. Even if you don't read German, you'll appreciate the pictures. You might even see a relative. This issue also has a village directory of residents. You'll enjoy a visit. There is a link to the BB. We've had this site in our URL list for some time, but see below: Peter writes: lieber gerry, die neue ausgabe meines "bankerlsitzer" ist im jänner erschienen und seither auch im internet. vielleicht kannst du das den interessierten mitteilen - burgenlandbunch etc. adressen: http://www.sbox.tu-graz.ac.at/home/b/bzotter/bs oder http://come.to/bankerlsitzer hoffentlich funktioniert es - lasse es mich bitte wissen. (translated) Dear Gerry, the new edition of my "bankerlsitzler" appears on the internet in January. Perhaps you can let the BB know if interested. Here are the addresses. Hope it functions properly, please let me know. (which I promptly did, telling him how much I'd like to be able to join the "sitzlers" every day and talk about old and new times). (Newsletter continues as no. 74A)

THE BURGENLAND BUNCH NEWS - No. 74A DEDICATED TO AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN BURGENLAND FAMILY HISTORY (issued biweekly by Gerald Berghold) February 15, 2000 "Lorenz Schoenbacher - The First Burgenland Immigrant to America?" This second section of the 3 section newsletter contains an article concerning the individual who could well be the first Burgenland immigrant to America. Prior to this, the first immigrant of whom we have some proof is a man named Grabenhofer from Unterschützen who came to America in 1845.He is mentioned in the book "Die Amerika-Wanderung der Burgenländer" by Dr. Walter Dujmovits. When John Shinpaugh first told us that his ancestor came to America as a Hessian mercenary, we assumed he was mistaken in attributing Burgenland provenence. When he mentioned Neutal (now Bezirk Oberpullendorf) as a birth place, our interests were aroused. What follows is a wonderful tale and a marvelous piece of genealogical research. It has been translated into German by Albert Schuch and has been published in Austria. Dr. Dujmovits, president of the Burgenländische Gemeinschaft),read Schuch's translation and mentioned it in the most recent edition of his bi-monthly newsletter. He called the results of this research "sensational", included a summary, and feels that the publishing of this article in Austria was the most "spectacular" Burgenland Bunch effort to date.(Numbers in parens in the following refer to footnotes-some parts of the legal and civil documents have been shortened [snip]from the original.) LORENZ SCHOENBACHER HUNGARIAN, HESSIAN, AMERICAN By John Shinpaugh Most of the Hessians who arrived in America in 1776 to fight for Great Britain were trained soldiers and natives of the countries, which sent them. Later recruits were largely untrained, and some of them were foreigners (1). Of the almost 30,000 Hessians who came to America's shores, an estimated 6,000 deserted or were discharged and were assimilated into the colonial communities (2). This is the story of one of those foreigners who deserted from the Hessians, fought for his new country, and became an American. Today, that Hessian's descendents are found all across America. According to the HETRINA (3), Private Lorenz Schoenbacher (4) of the Rall Regiment was born prior to 21 July 1752 in Neutal, Hungary. Records of the Catholic Parish of Markt St. Martin, Austria, which includes Neutal, have provided more definitive information on Lorenz and the Schoenbacher family line. Lorenz's parents were Michael Schinpacher and Elizabeth Kollman; they were married in 1734 in Neutal (5):"On the 28th of February (1734) the youth Michael Schenbecher, son of Philippus Schenbacher and Susanne, was married to his betrothed Elisabetha, the daughter of Andreas Kollman and Maria. Witnesses were Laurentius Handler and Mathias Raiter." Lorenz's mother, Elizabeth, had been baptized in 1711 in Neutal (6):"19 October (1711)Baptized: Elisabeth. Parents: Andreas Kollman and wife Maria of Neuthall. Sponsors: Franciscus Dischler and Catharina Fusein, both of St. Martin." Michael and Elizabeth probably had brothers and sisters and also other children besides Lorenz, but they have not yet been identified. Lorenz was born and baptized in 1752 (7): "On the 21st day (of July, 1752)Baptized: Laurentius. Parents: Michael Schinpacher and his wife Elisabetha. Sponsors: Joannes Schiffer and Elisabetha Propte." Lorenz's father and grandfathers were probably farmers. Other aspects of their lives are not known. Today, Neutal, Lorenz's birthplace, is in the Austrian state or province of Burgenland. This Austrian province has been described as "...a conglomerate of cultures, language, geological formations, alien plants and rare creatures." (8) It was probably even more diverse and unusual in Lorenz's day. Burgenland is a "...fertile belt of vineyards and rich agricultural land ...," (9) sometimes called ". . .the vegetable garden of Vienna. . ." (10) The people in Burgenland today are small farmers, foresters, vintners and craftsmen (11); they probably were in Lorenz's day as well. The major difference between Burgenland now and then is probably political; it was a Hungarian province from 1648 to 1921, a period of almost 300 years, while it has been an Austrian province only since 1921 (12). The exact circumstances, which led to Lorenz's becoming a Hessian, are not known. However, there are three possibilities which would explain Lorenz's recruitment by officers from Hessen-Cassel (13). Of these, one of the first two is believed by the author to be the most likely reason for Lorenz being a Hessian. First, some of the Hessians were civilian volunteers who were looking for a better life and thought America would provide it. Lorenz may have been one of those seeking a better life, particularly considering the conditions in Hungary under which he had previously lived. On the other hand, there were foreigners either employed or travelling in one of the German principalities or states who were forcibly recruited and shipped to America in spite of their protests. As a Hungarian, Lorenz may have been waylaid and compelled to join up or he may have fallen under the influence of the recruiter's generous supply of alcoholic beverages and promises of a handsome bonus. Finally, there were military men who saw an opportunity for adventure, glory, recognition, and advancement. Lorenz's rank and short tenure as a Hessian on American soil strongly suggest that he was not a soldier at heart, trained or otherwise. Whatever the situation, which applied in Lorenz' case, he was probably shipped from one of the Holland muster depots, perhaps Nymegen or Schravendeel, in the spring of 1777. Subsequently, he was shown as an addition on the Monatliche Listen for the Combined Regiment (which included remnants of Rall's Regiment) in November of 1777 (14), while it was stationed in the vicinity of Philadelphia. In June 1778, the British forces, including the Combined Regiment, departed Philadelphia and returned to New York (15). Then, in July 1778, the Rall Regiment was reestablished (16), and Lorenz was one of its soldiers, serving in the Leib or Body Guard Company. The Rall Grenardier Regiment was one of 13 units in the Hessian first division which sailed for the American colonies in the spring of 1776 and arrived at Staten Island in August 1776 (17). During its tour of duty in America, the Rall Regiment participated in British campaigns in both the northern and southern colonies. It operated in the north from August 1776 to November 1778, first as a separate regiment until its defeat at Trenton, New Jersey, on 26 December, 1776, and then as part of the Combined Regiment from January 1777 to July 1778. During this time, the Rall Regiment participated in battles at Long Island, White Plains, Fort Washington, Tenton, Brandywine, Germantown, Philadelphia, and Monmouth (18). From July to November 1778, the Rall Regiment was garrisoned in New York and did not face the Americans in battle. During this period, the regiment probably received replacements, and the new soldiers underwent training in preparation for the next British campaign. It was during this period that the British high command decided to move against the southern colonies (19). The Rall Regiment was one of the two Hessian and seven British regiments (a force totaling 3,657 officers and men) selected to open the new initiative (20). In November, 1778, these units sailed in seven ships from New York harbor under sealed orders; they arrived off Savannah, Georgia, in December, 1778 (21). While in the South, the Rall Regiment saw action at Savannah, Charleston, Eutaw Springs and Stono Ferry (22). The Regiment returned to New York in November 1782 and to Europe in 1783 (23), but without Lorenz Schoenbacher. The British expedition landed and took Savannah on 29 December, 1778 (24). Apparently, this was the only action that Lorenz saw. On 25 April, 1779, while on sentry duty at an outpost on the Savannah River, Lorenz deserted with full gear; his record indicated he was 5 feet 5 inches tall (25). After leaving his unit, Lorenz probably went into South Carolina and travelled generally in the direction of Charlotte, NC. His specific route, destination and activities from April 1779 to April 1784 are not known. Somewhere in his travels, however, his path crossed that of Thomas Sumter, and he spent about 10 months in Sumter's State Troops. >From June 1780 to January 1782, Thomas Sumter raised and led two groups of volunteers in the fight against the British and the Tories in South Carolina. From June 1780 to March 1781, he recruited and led a band of veterans and volunteer militia (26). However, Sumter recognized several problems with the militia, i.e., 60 days service, no training, no discipline, etc. As a result, in March 1781, Brigadier General Sumter decided to raise several regiments of State Troops, each soldier to serve 10 months. Sumter's plan to obtain recruits included issuing clothing, shoes and a blanket; furnishing horse, equipment and weapons; paying each soldier one slave; giving each one a share of plunder; and giving the soldier's family a half bushel of salt (27). Apparently, many of Sumter's senior officers from the militia agreed with his proposals for State Troops and joined him. The officers began quickly to recruit young men for their regiments. Lt Colonel Wade Hampton recruited in North Carolina (28). One of the men who joined Lt Col Hampton's regiment was named Lawrence Shinpecker, which was obviously the English spelling of his name, Lorenz Schoenbacher or Schinpacher. The actual start or end of his service is not known, but Lawrence was in Sumter's State Troops at sometime between April 1781 and January 1782 (29). In any case, during this period Sumter's State Troops made several attacks on the British and Loyalists. The battles of the State Troops in central SC against the British and Tories and their results (snip)are outlined in the following: Battles of Sumter's State Troops 1781 in South Carolina (30); date and location; April, Ft Granby;May, Friday's Ferry; May 11,Orangeburg; July 17,Quimby; July 25,Georgetown; Sept 8, Eutaw Springs*-1800 British and an American force of 2400 men. Tories lost 139 killed, 375 wounded and 8 missing. British lost 85 killed, 351 wounded, and 430 missing, of which 400 were captured. * In this battle, due to Sumter's physical and mental conditions caused by an unhealed wound and exhaustion, the State Troops were under the command of Colonel William Henderson. The opposing British force included Lawrence's old Hessian unit, the Rall Regiment. Whether Lawrence actually completed his obligation to Sumter's State Troops is not known, but the State Troops were disbanded in January 1782. Afterwards Lawrence probably returned to North Carolina where, for the next two years, he probably worked as a farm laborer and saved his money for the purpose of buying his own land. It was probably also during that two years that he met his future wife. Where he worked and where he met his future wife are yet to be determined. In any case, from 1784 on, several significant events occurred in Lawrence's life. On April 10, 1784, he bought 200 acres of land which was located in North Carolina's Mecklenburg County, southeast of Charlotte near the South Carolina state line (today his land would be located in Union County) (31): "State of North Carolina, Mecklenburg County. This Indenture made between David Griffith and Hannah Griffith his wife of the county of Mecklenburg above planter on the one part and Larence Shanepaker of the sd county planter of the other part. (snip) ...in witness whereof we have hereunto fixed our hands and seals this tenth of April Anno Domino 1784." Another significant event in Lawrence's life at about the same time was his taking a wife. Sometime before December, 1784, he met his bride-to-be, name unknown since no marriage record has been discovered. She may have lived in the vicinity of the land, which he had bought in southeastern Mecklenburg County, or most likely he met her while he was a farm laborer. Regardless of where they met, they were probably married by late 1784 or early 1785, and Lawrence took her to live on his land in southeast Mecklenburg County. Meanwhile, in South Carolina, the state government had voted compensation to South Carolina patriots who served in the Revolutionary War. As a result, in 1784, South Carolina issued a stub indent in Lawrence's name in the amount of 94 pounds sterling for claims growing out of the Revolutionary War (32): "No. 243 Book M -Issued the first October 1784 to Mr. Lawrence Shinpuker, late Private in Burns Troop W Hamptons regiment and Sumters Brigade State Troops for ninety four pounds Sterling being amount pay and bounty due him for Services in that Troop together with Interest thereon from the first April 1782 to date ...(snip. In 1787, South Carolina surveyed 100 acres of land in Cheraws District (which included the counties of Chesterfield, Darlington and Marlboro) and assigned the land to Lawrence (33): "South Carolina____I do hereby certify for Laurence Shinpiker a tract of land containing one hundred acres (surveyed for him the 22nd Nov 1787) Situated in the District of Cheraw on the Dead Pine Creek and East side of Lynches Creek...(snip). In 1789, the land surveyed in 1787 was granted to Lawrence (34): "State of South Carolina, To all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting: Know ye, That for and in consideration of Two pounds 6/8 sterling money, paid by Lawrance Shinpicker into the treasury for the use of this State, WE HAVE GRANTED...(snip) Lawrence and his wife were probably married by March 1785 and were living together on the land in Mecklenburg County. In December 1785, Lawrence's wife gave birth to their first child, a son whom Lawrence named Michael after his own father (35). They were probably living in southeastern Mecklenburg County at the time of Michael's birth. At some point in time, probably after December 1785 and before December 1787, they decided to move. However, they subsequently relocated to the Salisbury District, Montgomery County, NC, where they bought land. Due to the loss of county court records by fire, the date and location of their settling in Montgomery County can not be established. By 1790, Lawrence and wife had a daughter, name unknown; it is not known in what year she was born, but it was probably about 1788. According to the U.S. census of 1790 for Montgomery County, North Carolina, Lawrence's household consisted of one white male age 16 or older, one white male age under 16, and two white females (36). Probably in late 1790, a second son, named Henry, was born. In the meantime, Lawrence learned that he had been granted land by the state of SC. He decided to claim that land. Sometime after the census of 1790 was taken and probably before the year 1792, Lawrence sold his land in Montgomery County. He and his wife packed their few household goods, loaded them into a wagon with their three children and moved to Cheraw in Chesterfield County, SC. Lawrence's wife gave birth to their third son in 1792, probably after they moved to Chesterfield County, SC. They named him John. Prior to August 1794, Lawrence and his wife decided to sell their 200 acres of land in Mecklenburg County, NC, which he had purchased in 1784. By early August 1794, they had returned to NC, and on the 7th of that month in Mecklenburg County, they completed the sale of their Mecklenburg County land to Conrad Plyler (37). (Here we learn for the first time that Lawrence's wife's name was Rosanna.) "This Indenture made between Lawrance Shenpaghel and Rosanna Shenpaghel his wife of the State of South Carolina Chesterfield County Cheraws District (snip)...seventh day of August A. D. 1794. Witnesses: Lawrance Shenpaghel, Darling Belk, Rosanna Shenpaghel" (Illegible) It is not clear as to when and how long Lawrence and Rosanna lived in any one location. In August 1794, they claimed to be living in Chesterfield County, SC. In 1800, they were living again in Montgomery County, NC. It would seem likely that after selling Lawrence's land in Mecklenburg County, NC, they returned to Chesterfield County. Sometime before 1800, Lawrence and Rosanna probably sold their land in Chesterfield County and moved their family to Montgomery County. The loss of records for both Chesterfield County, SC and Montgomery County, NC, precludes us from resolving the issues of when and where Lawrence owned land in both counties. In 1798, a son, William, was born, and in 1800 another son, named Joseph, was added to the family. The 1800 U.S. census of Montgomery County, North Carolina lists Lawrence Shinpock, aged over 45, and family consisting of a wife, aged over 45; a daughter, aged 10-16; three sons under 10; and two sons, aged 10-16 (38). Between 1800 and 1810, two significant events affected the Shinpocks. The order of those events is not known, but the worst was likely the death of Lawrence. After the 1800 census, Lawrence's name appears in no other records seen by the author. The obvious conclusion is that Lawrence died. The other event of significance in the life of the Shinpock family, except for son Michael and possibly the daughter who might have married in Montgomery County prior to 1805, was their departure from North Carolina for places west; first stop was Knox County, Tennessee. It is not known when Lawrence sold his land in Montgomery County, NC, but the Shinpock family, minus Lawrence, his son Michael and possibly the daughter, arrived in Knox County in the year 1810, at the latest. Lawrence's family, as we have seen, consisted of his wife, a daughter, and five sons. The identity of his family members is based largely on two facts: one, the Shinpock name, and two, the lack of any evidence of another Shinpock living at the same time. Additionally, from later censuses in which the sons are listed, their birth years were extrapolated to the dates presented above. The following paragraphs present a brief summary on each member of Lawrence's family. First, information on Lawrence's wife, Rosanna, is sketchy. Her given name is known only from the 1794 record of land sale. Since the 1800 US census gives her age as over 45, she was obviously born before 1755. After Lawrence's death which occurred prior to November 1810 and possibly before the Shinpock family arrived in Knox County, TN, Rosanna Shinpock married John Cunningham on November 16, 1810 (39). Where Rosanna and John Cunningham lived after their marriage is unknown, but it might have been in Knoxville. Lawrence's daughter was born between 1785 and 1790, probably about 1787-88; the US census of 1800 lists her age as 10-16 years. Unless she died at an early age, between age 10 and 20 after 1800, she could have married in Montgomery County, NC, prior to the rest of her family leaving for Tennessee. Early records for Montgomery County were destroyed when at least two county courthouses burned; therefore, a marriage in Montgomery County can be neither confirmed nor denied. It is also possible that she accompanied her family to Tennessee, and she could have died on the trip across the mountains. Lawrence named his first son Michael, no doubt after his own father who was named Michael. Michael was born on December 19, 1785, in Montgomery County, North Carolina. He married Rosena Melchor on November 19, 1806, in Cabarrus County, NC (40). Their children were: John, Moses, Elizabeth, Daniel F., Anna Margaret, Micha and Jacob L. Michael and Rosena died on October 26, 1850, and were buried in the Mount Pleasant Cemetary, Cabarrus County. Michael's descendents spell their name Shimpock. Lawrence's second son was Henry, who was born about 1790. Henry married Elizabeth McDaniel on March 15, 1812, in Knox County, TN (41). They had two children: Mary born in 1813 and Henry born in 1814. In September 1813, Henry joined the Tennessee Militia and served during the War of 1812 under Captain Stewart and General Jackson (42). He became ill and died in December 1814 at Fort Montgomery, Alabama, where he was buried. Henry's widow, Elizabeth, adopted a baby boy after in birth in 1818; he was named William (43). For Henry's military service, Elizabeth received a pension from the US Government. Henry's descendents spell their name Shinpaugh (44). The author is descended from Henry's son, Henry. John was Lawrence's third son; he was born about 1792. John married Mary Crowder on January 10, 18ll, in Knox County, TN (45). He and his bride moved to Alabama, living in Madison County and then Limestone County when it was formed from Madison. When he purchased land in Limestone County in 1819, John's brother William witnessed the transaction (46). He served in the War of 1812 from February 20 to March 23, 1814, for which service he received a bounty land warrant for 160 acres (47). He and Mary had at least nine children: Sarah H., Caroline, John C., Thomas G., William H., Mary E., Martha A., Maria Lucy Bell, and Olivia. In 1850 he moved to Mississippi and later to Arkansas. He died in White County, AR, on November 9, 1865. His descendents are named Shinpock or Shinpoch. The fourth son of Lawrence and Rosanna was William; he was born about 1798 in North Carolina. He married Martha Carroll on December 24, 1826, in Hardeman County, TN (48). He was in Fayette County, TN, in 1830; Carroll County, Mississippi, in 1840; and Union Parish, Louisana, in 1850 and 1860. His children were: Joseph, Egbert, William, Sarah Ann, Robert, Allen, Mathi Easter, and John D. He died between 1860 and 1870. His descendents are named Shinpoch. Lawrence's last son was named Joseph; he was born in 1800. He lived in Alabama from 1815 to at least 1827; he was in Fayette County, TN, in 1830 and 1840. He died on January 31, 1841, and was buried in Fayette County. His will listed his wife Amelia Jane, brother William, and nephew Joseph Shinpock, Jr (49). He apparently had no children. Footnotes 1. Atwood, R., "The Hessians: Mercenaries from Hessen-Kassel in the American Revolution," New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980; page 207. 2. Kipping, E., "The Hessian View of America, 1776-1783," Monmouth Beach, NJ: Philip Freneau Press, 1971; pp 1 and 9. 3. Auerbach, I. and O. Froelich, "Hessiche Truppen in Amerikanischen Unabhangigkeitskrieg," Band III, Marburg/Lahn: Staatsarchiv, 1972-1976. (Commonly called HETRINA.) 4. This spelling is from the HETRINA, Band III. Many different spellings have been found in various records as summarized below (these will subsequently be found in the narrative above): NAME SOURCE DATE OF SOURCE Shenbacher Marriage record, Austria Feb, 1734 Schinpacher Baptismal record, Austria Jul, 1752 Schoenbacher HETRINA Nov, 1777 Shanepaker Land deed, Mecklenburg Co,NC Apr, 1784 Shinpuker Stub Indents, SC Oct, 1784 Schinback Est.papers Mecklenburg Co,NC Dec, 1787 Shinpicker Land grant, SC Apr, 1789 Shinpock US Census, NC 1790 Shenpaghel Land deed, Mecklenburg Co,NC Aug, 1794 Shinpock US Census, NC 1800 5. Markt St. Martin, Matriken Bd. II, Trauungsbuch, o.s., 1734. 6. Op. Cit., 1711. 7. Op. Cit., 1752. 8. Musulin, S., "Austria and the Austrians," New York: Praeger Publishers, 1971; page 212. 9. Fodor's "Austria 1980," New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1980; page 122. 10. Op. Cit., page 123. 11. Op. Cit., page 125. 12. Ibid. 13. Atwood, Op. Cit., page 210. 14. Best. 12, blaue Nr. 8834/37 desgl. Angellelly, Staatsarchiv Marburg/Lahn. 15. Chidsey, D. B., "The War in the South," New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1971; page 57. 16. Atwood, Op. Cit., page 262. 17. Katcher, P.R.N., "Encyclopedia of British, Provincial, and Germany Army Units, 1775-1783," Harrisburg, PA: The Stackpole Company, 1973; page 122. 18. Atwood, Op. Cit., page 263. 19. Lowell, E.J., "The Hessians and Other German Auxilliaries of Great Britain in the Revolutionary War," Williamstown, Mass: Corner House Publishers, 1970; page 239. 20. Ibid. 21. Lowell, Op. Cit., pages 239-240. 22. Atwood, Op. Cit., page 263. 23. Katcher, Op. Cit., page 122. 24. Stember, S., "The Bicentennial Guide to the American Revolution, Volume III, The War in the South," New York: E. P. Dutton & Company, Inc., 1974; page 5. 25. Best. 12, Op. Cit. 26. Bass, R.D., "Gamecock, The Life and Campaigns of General Thomas Sumter," New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1961; page 53. 27. Op. Cit., pages 144-145. 28. Op. Cit., page 146. 29. According to Bass, Sumter's senior officers began their recruitment efforts in late March/early April, 1781. A 10 month period of service would therefore be up in January/ February 1782. 30. The data in this table were compiled from numerous sources, including Bass (see above), Boatner, and Pancake. 31. Mecklenburg County, NC, Record of Deeds, Vol. 12, pp 270-271, 10 April 1784, David D. and Hannah Griffith to Larence Shanepaker. 32. South Carolina Original Stub Entry, Book M, Nr 243, 1 October 1784, Payment to Laurence Shinpuker for Service in Sumpter's Brigade. 33. South Carolina State Plats, Vol. 24, page 276, 28 March 1789, Survey of Land for Laurence Shinpiker. 34. South Carolina State Grants, Vol. 76, page 232, 28 March 1789, Grant of Land to Lawrence Shinpicker. 35. U.S. Census of North Carolina, 1850: birthplace of Michael Shinpock is listed as Montgomery County, NC. 36. First Census of the United States: North Carolina, page 166. 37. Mecklenburg County, NC, Record of Deeds, Vol. 14, page 421, 7 August 1794, Lawrance and Rosanna Shenpaghel to Coonrod Plyler. 38. U.S. Census of North Carolina, 1800, page 522. 39. Knox County, Tennessee, Marriage Records. 40. Cabarrus County, North Carolina, Marriage Records. 41. National Archives, Old War Widows File 15025, 1812. This file consists of over 100 pages. 42. Ibid. 43. According to Goodspeed's "History of Tennessee," page 1048, William Shinpaugh was born on 16 July 1818 in Roane County, TN. His parents are given as Henry and Elizabeth Shinpaugh (Shinpock). However, Henry died in 1814. 44. The transition of the name Shinpock to Shinpaugh is reflected in various records of the 1800's as shown below: NAME SPELLED SOURCE DATE Shimpaugh US Census, Roane Co., TN 1830 Shinpock US Census, Knox Co., TN 1840 Shinpock US Census, Knox Co., TN 1850 Shinpock Pension Records, National Archives 1856 Shinpouch Pension Records, National Archives 1856 Shinpaugh Pension Records, National Archives 1857 Shinpock Pension Records, National Archives 1858 Shinpaugh Pension Records, National Archives 1859 Shinpaugh US Census, Knox Co., TN 1860 Shinpaugh US Census, Knox Co., TN 1870 Shinpaugh Pension Records, National Archives 1878 45. Knox County, Tennessee, Marriage Records. 46. Limestone County, AL, Sundry Deeds, Book 1, page 33, 8 December 1819, James A. Crowder to John Shinpock. 47. Bounty Land Warrant 23175, The National Archives, Washington, D.C. 48. Hardeman County, Tennessee, Marriage Records. 49. Fayette County, TN, Court Minutes, May 1841, Book A, pages 68-69, Will of Joseph Shinpock, dated 14 January 1837. End of Article (Newsletter continues as no. 74B)

THE BURGENLAND BUNCH NEWS - No. 74B DEDICATED TO AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN BURGENLAND FAMILY HISTORY (issued biweekly by G. J. Berghold) February 15, 2000 This third section of the 3 section newsletter has articles called Pogachel-Taste of Burgenland, OZ Articles Producing Results, Some Historically Significant Epidemics, Message From Gerhard Lang In Eisenstadt and URL and Member Changes. POGACHEL (POGACSA)- TASTE OF THE BURGENLAND (G. Berghold) I've written about these tasty ethnic biscuits before, but a recent article culled from the Allentown Morning Call (Sunday, May 16, 1999; "Cooking Connection, Sausage, Biscuits Are Link To Hungarian Heritage For Church Volunteers", by Sonia Csencsits) suggested a repeat. Those of you who remember eating in the kitchens of your immigrant ancestors ate dozens of these larded biscuits from all sorts of recipes. When I make them I'm always stitching another thread to my roots. It seems that the ethnic Hungarian members of Grace Lutheran Church in Fountain Hill (Bethlehem), PA get together twice a year and make these biscuits for sale, to benefit the church and its mission program. To make ten dozen, they use 16 cups of flour, 2 tablespoons salt, 1 pound lard, 1 pint sour cream, 8 eggs, 6 tablespoons yeast, and enough milk to make a dough ("make a dough"- remember that Burgenland cooks' expression? I wonder what the German [Hianzen] expression is?) Some times they add grammels (cracklings-the renderings from lard, like bacon bits). The dough is allowed to rise three times and the dough is repeatedly rolled and folded before cutting to make a flaky biscuit, like making a croisant. They repeat the recipe as often as necessary to fill their orders. They agree that potatoes and even cottage cheese can be used, but don't use those ingrediants for their sale biscuits. Now I've made a lot of pogachels. I've never used sour cream, eggs or yeast and always use potatoes, but variations are something to try. A lighter biscuit might be fine to eat when drinking wine or to serve to guests. I like a heavy floury pogachel with a bacon flavor. When you bite into it the biscuit should compress. I've made a less than satisfactory pogachel by using dehydrated potato to make mashed potatoes which I then add (about half and half-make a dough- roll and cut)to Bisquick biscuit mix and some bacon fat. Better than nothing but not the real thing. Some of the recipes (Grammelpogatscherl) from my Mühlgraben (southern Burgenland near Styria) cook book use flour, grammeln, yeast, milk, white wine, sour cream, even a little sugar, but no potato. Has modern affluence eliminated potato as a flour stretcher in Burgenland dough? This kitchen article reminds me that Fastnacht is fast approaching (no pun intended). Wonder if I can talk the wife into making a batch of apricot jelly "Fastnachts" (Krapfen-doughnuts). Then perhaps a nice beef tages soup with nockerl, a thick goulasch with potatoes, a kraut salad, some pogachels and a Blauburgunder wine, perhaps marmaladen Palatschinken for desert and Viennese coffee mit schlag, Fastnachts and Slivovitz to finish. What a great way to start Lent! OZ ARTICLES PRODUCING RESULTS (from Albert Schuch) If you haven't contacted Albert Schuch concerning placing your immigrant data in OZ you're missing a good thing as this message indicates. Ralph Nielsen (early Strodl emigration from Forchtenau > Denmark approx. 1848) just sent the following: "I am pleased to tell you that I have had feedback as a result of the article in O.Z., from a man in Austria whose wife has a Strodl among her ancestors, and together we hope to pursue the link." In the last issue of OZ (Jan. 26) that I've received I noticed "Verwandtensuche" articles for members Anna Kresh, Ty Keller and Angela Latta. SOME HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT EPIDEMICS (extracted by Anna Kresh) (Ed. Note: in addition to war and civil unrest our ancestors were greatly affected by plague and pestilence. Poor water and personal hygiene were only some of the health concerns that contributed to a high mortality rate. I still shudder when I think of the many small streams that flowed through villages and served as a local water source. I've read of local laws and customs which required that clothing not be washed or sewage emptied into the stream during the daylight hours when water was taken for use! Heaven help those living downstream! Even wells on the Puszta were frequently contaminated by livestock and privies. As if this wasn't bad enough, then came the world wide epidemics-memorialized on the many monuments (Pestsäule) erected to give thanks for deliverance from the plague. Anna Kresh writes: My immigrant parents in Northampton, PA were very much affected by the 1918 influenza epidemic. They married in 1912 and when three of their first five children died between 1914 and 1919, in addition to the outbreak of World War I, their plans to return to Austria-Hungary were delayed and finally dropped. In searching for information on the 1918 epidemic I came across the following web site. I thought that some BB members writing their family histories might like some information on the epidemics that may have affected their ancestors and our access to their early records. SOME HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT EPIDEMICS - Duke University, Chapel Hill, NC, presents a very detailed online list of epidemics suffered throughout history. The following extraction lists only those epidemics touching the area in Europe that may have affected our Austro-Hungarian ancestors. For a complete list of Duke University's Historically Significant Epidemics (including the many outbreaks in the U.S.) visit their web site at http://www.botany.duke.edu/microbe/chrono.htm. <start of extract> 1148 AD. An epidemic at Adalia on the coast of Anatolia wiped out soldiers and pilgrims of the Second Crusade and facilitated their defeat by the Turks. 14th century. The Black Death, an outbreak of bubonic plague, was the most devastating single epidemic of all time, killing probably a third or more of the population of Europe and Asia. It originated in central Asia and had already killed an estimated 25 million people before it reached Constantinople in 1347. From there it was spread around the Mediterranean by merchant ships and by crusaders returning from the middle east. By 1350 it had spread throughout Europe, and at least another 25 million people had died. The social upheaval that ensued is generally regarded as the end of the Middle Ages. Outbreaks of bubonic plague continued sporadically in various European locations throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. 1494-95 Syphilis first appeared in Europe among Spanish soldiers in Naples. Historians differ on whether it was brought back by explorers returning from America. The Italians called it the Spanish or French Disease, the French called it the Italian disease, the Russians called it the Polish disease, and the Arabs called it the disease of the Christians. Smallpox, which had existed previously in Europe, also got its modern name at this time, to distinguish it from syphilis which was also known as "the pox". 1576 Paris and several other European cities suffered from diphtheria. This epidemic marks the first accurate description of this disease, by the physician Guillaume de Baillou. Two years later he described whooping cough in its first confirmed outbreak, although the disease probably had existed prior to this time. 1590-1610 Plague again swept many European cities. 1618-48 The period of the Thirty Years War in Germany was marked by repeated epidemics, including typhus, plague and dysentery that spread throughout Europe. 1679 Plague spread from the Ottoman Empire into Austria, killing thousands of people especially in Vienna and eastern Austria. 1805-07 Typhus outbreaks occurred during the occupation of Vienna by the French army in 1805, and spread throughout central Europe. 1830-31 An influenza epidemic began in Asia, late in 1829, and spread from there in 1832. The disease reached Moscow and St. Petersburg in the winter of 1830-31 and spread westward. Another outbreak spread through Europe during 1836-37. 1826-37 The second cholera pandemic of the 19th century, and the most devastating one, began in Bengal and spread through India in 1826. By late 1830 it had reached Moscow, and from there spread westward into Europe in 1831. 1849 The third major worldwide pandemic of cholera, again starting in Bengal, reached Europe and the U.S. in 1848-49. The English physician John Snow demonstrated in 1854 that it was spread by contaminated water. 1881-1896 A fifth cholera pandemic was notable for the discovery of its cause, by the German physician Robert Koch. Like its predecessors, this epidemic began in India, and spread both east and west from there. By this time improvements in sanitation kept it from affecting many European cities. 1889-90 A worldwide epidemic of influenza, the most devastating to that time, began in central Asia in the summer of 1889, spread north into Russia, east to China and west to Europe. 1890s The third plague pandemic began in China in the 1850s and spread slowly until it reached the seaports in the 1880s. Sporadic outbreaks continued worldwide for years, and officially this pandemic was not considered over until 1959. 1917-1919 The most lethal influenza pandemic ever killed half a million people worldwide. Its spread was facilitated by troop movements in the closing months of World War I. Mortality rates were unusually high for flu, especially among young, otherwise healthy adults. This list was compiled largely from "Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence", edited by George C. Kohn, and published by Facts On File, Inc., 1995. <end of extract> Another related site is: The American Experience: Influenza 1918 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/influenza/ MESSAGE FROM GERHARD LANG IN EISENSTADT (Ed. Note: I'm always pleased to hear from Gerhard, especially since his email always brings us bits of Burgenland musical and festive tradition.) Gerhard writes: You're quite right, I'm going to greet the new year with music. I will be going to Reichenau and Rax, Niederösterreich, to play dance music at a hotel. After many years playing in various groups for lots of weddings, Zeltfests, Weinkosts (have you heard about those feasts - most vine-growers of a village present their wines at a special place, music groups play and people enjoy wine and Brathend'l or Bratwürstl) I decided to play as a "One-man-band". Did I ever tell you that I'm in the Musikverein Rust, playing clarinett, acting as tambour-major, watching the treasury and doing the public relations? And if some time is left, I play dance music with my keyboards (I learned to play accordion for about seven years and changed later on to the keyboards). I've already prepared Johann Strauss' "Donauwalzer" (Blue Danube Walz)- the traditional dance for the New Year here in Austria. People listen to the strikes of the "Pummerin" at St. Stephen's (Bells of the Cathedral) at Vienna, which are brought by broadcast exactly at midnight into every home and then they dance to the Donauwalzer. My wife Martina will be with me and we'll be back at Eisenstadt on Jan 2nd, and I'll go right to my bank branch to look what the Y2K has brought, to check the computers and the money-machines and to prepare the statements for Jan. 3rd, the first day of work in the new millenium (do people in the U.S. too worry if 2000 or 2001 is the real change to the next year-thousand?). Last year was quite a stressful one and my genealogical research had to step a little bit into the background. The Musikverein Rust took a lot of my time, we celebrated our 25th anniversary at Holy Sunday (is that the right word for "Pfingsten"?), prepared a concert with Strauss music in June, played "Gästekonzerte" during the Fridays in summer. These concerts are always well attended by tourists and we play the traditional entertainment "Blas"-musik - Polkas, Walzers, Marches and we prepare a "Show-block" every year, where we dress up as well known showstars and sing along to special arrangements of their music. Due to those concerts we were invited to Switzerland at the end of August by a tourist, who visits Rust every summer and who likes our "Gästekonzert". His Musikverein in Switzerland celebrated their 150th anniversary and we spent 3 days there, playing and taking part in a parade. Our most important event was a concert at Eisenstadt's cultural center on Nov. 13th. We call it "Martinikonzert" because it takes place on the nearest Saturday to Nov. 11th, the day of Saint Martin, the patron saint of Burgenland. It was hard work to rehearse all the pieces - we played e.g. a medley out of "West-Side-Story", the "Kaiser-Walzer" by Strauss, "Irish tunes from County Derry" (variations on the traditional Irish song "Danny Boy") and a few modern compositions. The last piece - the traditional "Zugabe" was the "Radetzky-Marsch", written by Johann StrauÃŸ. We're already planning for 2000 - we will be at Meran, South Tyrol, in October, taking part at a big Blasmusik-festival as official representatives of Burgenland's Blasmusikverband (sorry, I didn't know how to translate that, it's the head organisation of Burgenland's Blasmusik-bands). You can see that being in such a "Verein" takes a lot of time;-) At Christmas I sent some email to my friends and members of BB, from whom I had contacts during the last few years and I found it nice to ger so much response. I heard from Leo Stern of Hellertown, PA. and Margaret Kaiser, who sent me some information on Langs descending from Meinehof, South Burgenland area. Thanks for visiting my homepage and telling me about the incorrect e-mail address, they promised me to direct the mail to my usual address, but it does not seem to work. I hope I'll find some time to correct and update my pages, especially the genealogical ones. So - all our best wishes to you and the your's from Gerhard and Martina for the New Year and for the BB another year of growth and succes. Best regards, Gerhard P.S.: I've not heard from Maureen Tighe-Brown for a long time and I'm wondering if she's well? Gerhard H. & Martina Lang A-7001 Eisenstadt, Austria web-site: http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Pointe/6290/ BURGENLAND BUNCH INTERNET LINKS - ADDITIONS, REVISIONS 2/15/00 (from Internet/URL Editor Anna Tanczos Kresh) The BB Internet Links have just been re-validated. Please let me know if you find any additional errors. GENEALOGY RESEARCH LINKS (OTHER) Here are some additional links within the LDS FamilySearch site: o LDS - Family History SourceGuide http://www.familysearch.org/sg/ - extensive How-to Guides; can be sorted by subject or place (try both) o LDS - German Research Outline http://www.familysearch.org/sg/Germany.html - some very helpful links (See also the LDS German and Latin genealogical word lists under the Language Aids category) Note that the above LDS German Research Outline states the following: -- Southeast Europe -- Starting in 1722, the Austro-Hungarian monarchs encouraged Germans to settle their lands, especially along the devastated border with the Turks. Colonies developed in what later became Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia. Initially, twice as many Germans moved to this area as went to America. Following World War II, most returned to Germany or Austria, but many also moved to the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, and other countries. Below are some indexes that can help you find Germans from Southeast Europe: Deutsches Ausland-Institut (Stuttgart). Kartei der Auswanderer nach Ungarn, 1750-1945 (Index of emigrants to Hungary, 1750-1945). Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1988. (FHL film 1552795 items 1-2; computer number 516660.) LANGUAGE AIDS - TRANSLATORS, DICTIONARIES, etc. o LDS - German Genealogical Word List http://www.familysearch.org/sg/WLGerman.html (Lea Buzby) o LDS - Latin Genealogical Word List http://www.familysearch.org/sg/WLLatin.html o Metric Converter http://www.pathfinder.com/FoodWine/pantry/frmetric.html - chart for converting from metric to English o English-Metric Conversion http://www.colitiscookbook.com/converter.htm - convert in either direction o US-UK-Metric Conversion Chart http://gourmetconnection.com/ezine/convert.shtml o Volume and Weight Conversion Calculator http://www2.mybc.com/aroundtown/food/convert.html URL CHANGES (revised links/descriptions) o Bankerlsitzer http://www.sbox.tu-graz.ac.at/home/b/bzotter/bs - Rudersdorf village newspaper; alternate site http://come.to/bankerlsitzer (Gerry Berghold, Peter Sattler) (added alternate site) o WhoWhere International Directory Links http://www.whowhere.lycos.com/wwphone/world.html - links for USA, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia (address change) o Heritage Quest http://www.heritagequest.com - publications, CDs, microfilms, books, micrographic equipment, genealogy software, gifts, genealogy news and events, queries and searches, and much more; AGLL, Inc. has been merged into Heritage Quest o Heritage Quest - Genealogy Software http://www.heritagequest.com/genealogy/software/index.html - links to all major genealogical software products; click on Enter Software Store icon, then under Software Types, select Family Tree Software, then click on Submit o About Hungary - English http://www.mezo.com/magyarorszag_e.htm - Good condensed synopsis of Hungary's history o Hungarian Electronic Library http://www.mek.iif.hu/ - a collection of --- Austro-Hungarian maps http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/szint/egyeb/terkep/ through the years; --- Reference works http://www.mek.iif.hu/olvas-5.html o Old German Professions, Occupations, Illnesses http://worldroots.clicktron.com/brigitte/occupat.htm - Hundreds of translations (new address) o Ancestry Map Collection http://ancestry.com/search/rectype/reference/maps/main.asp - many maps of southeastern Europe through the centuries; many lacking detail, but good history of changes in boundary/inhabitants. (new address) o Genealogy Unlimited, Inc http://www.itsnet.com/~genun/maps.html - (for purchase) European road atlases, maps, including Austro-Hungarian Empire historical maps (This site now contains the following notice: "Genealogy Unlimited has been sold to Interlink Bookshop and Genealogical Services IBGS), Victoria, BC. Canada http://www.pacificcoast.net/~ibgs. The transfer of merchandise and the closing of Genealogy Unlimited probably will occur about March of 2000. Most of the maps and atlases in our catalog will be available from us until the transfer occurs. After that time, IBGS will continue selling the maps and atlases.") URLS DROPPED - LINKS BROKEN/CHANGED - INFORM URL EDITOR IF YOU KNOW ALTERNATE URL o AGLL, Inc. http://www.agll.com - Heritage Quest Magazine publisher; this site in transition; will merge into Heritage Quest site; products, tools, resource links, microfilme(url dropped; see Heritage Quest site) o Twin Peaks Gourmet Trading Post http://tpeaks.com/converter/metric.html - convert that favorite family recipe; online conversion calculator converts measurements either way (liters, milliliters, quarts, pints, cups, tablespoons, teaspoons, grams, pounds, ounces) (site no longer available) o Hungarian Settlements http://testver.sednet.hu/e_homepage.html - brief descriptions and information on the location of villages in present day Hungary (as of 12 Feb, this homepage states it is "out of business" and is unreachable). However, all the settlement links still exist and are functional, but you can't get to them via the homepage. -- Vas County is at http://testver.sednet.hu/vasm/e_alap.html, -- Gyor-Moson_Sopron at http://testver.sednet.hu/gyorm/e_alap.html, and -- Veszprem at http://testver.sednet.hu/veszpm/e_alap.html. I found that you can access all the counties through the Google search engine http://www.google.com. Choose output of 100 results. For output in English use these 3 keywords - testver sednet county. For Hungarian output use: testver sednet megye. No other characters are needed (no quotes, commas, plus signs, etc. - just those 3 words). I'll keep monitoring the site. In the meantime, if anyone knows another fix to this, please let me know. (Anna Kresh) o Family Tree Maker Maps http://www.genealogy.com/genealogy/links/c/c-maps.html (no longer available here) o German Ports http://www.ancestry.com/magazine/articles/gerports.htm - Article on German ports of Hanover and Bremen; links to some LDS passenger list microfilms (link broken) NEW MEMBERS Edward J.Fabsits; Chicago, IL. Father Ferdinand FABSITS; born Schandorf 1907, (Bezirk Oberwart)to US 1924. His father was Joseph FABSITS (1880-1938). Mother Ethlaka VEROSZTO FABSITS (1881-1963) Both died in Schandorf. Betty Gilchrist, Roseville, CA. SATTLER, REINER, THULNER, WALTER-HUTFLES, TONGISCH. Zanegg (Mosonszolnok)?, Vienna?, Mosonszentpeter (Szent Peter), Hungary. Settled in Kansas, then in Idaho about 1880. Eva Hergovich, nee Bintinger; Greater Toronto Area, Canada; born in northern Burgenland (Kittsee, grew up in Klingenbach), interested in Burgenland culture and history, fluent in Croatian and German. John Mikloska;Toronto, Canada. Researching: DECKENBACHER in Kittsee. Joannes Deckenbacher, born 1839 (father Francis) moved to Bratislava in mid 1800s. Arthur Schaffer; Chicago, Il. PAPST, Allhau, SCHAFFER,Rotenturm. Settled in Chicago, Il. Edward Tantsits; Allentown, PA, TANCSITS (POTZMANN). settled in Coplay, PA; POTZMANN,Gussing; MIKOVITZ (POTZMANN), Rosenberg; JANDRASITS(POTZMAN), Gussing End of Newsletter. BURGENLAND BUNCH STAFF Coordinator & Editor Newsletter - Gerald J. Berghold; Winchester, VA Burgenland Editor - Albert Schuch; Vienna & Kleinpetersdorf, Austria Home Page Editor - Hap Anderson Internet/URL Editor - Anna Tanczos Kresh; Butler, PA Contributing Editors: Austro/Hungarian Research - Fritz Königshofer Burgenland Lake Corner Research - Dale Knebel Chicago Burgenland Enclave - Tom Glatz Croatian Burgenland - Frank Teklits Home Page village lists - Bill Rudy Judaic Burgenland - Maureen Tighe-Brown Western Hungary-Bakony Region - Ernest Chrisbacher Western US BB Members-Research - Bob Unger WorldGenWeb-Austria, RootsWeb Liason-Burgenland - Charles Wardell, Austria BB ARCHIVES> (can be reached from Home Page hyperlinks) BURGENLAND HOME PAGE> http://www.the-burgenland-bunch.org Burgenland Bunch Newsletter distributed courtesy of (c) 1999 RootsWeb.com, Inc. http://www.rootsweb.com/ P.O. Box 6798, Frazier Park, CA 93222-6798 Newsletter and List Rights Reserved. Permission to Copy Granted; Provide Credit.