BB News No. 79 dtd 30 Apr 2000

THE BURGENLAND BUNCH NEWS - No. 79 DEDICATED TO AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN BURGENLAND FAMILY HISTORY (issued biweekly by Gerald Berghold) April 30, 2000 (all rights reserved) Note to recipients. If you don't want to receive Burgenland Bunch newsletters, use the Membership Forms to change your status. We can't help with non-Burgenland family history. Comments and articles are appreciated. Please add your name to email, otherwise we must search membership lists. Staff and web site addresses are listed at the end of newsletter section "B". Articles with no by-line are written by the editor. This first section of the 3-section newsletter contains: - Some BB Notes & Statistics - More on Slovenia, - More on Sending Money to Austria, - Finding Marriage Records, - Reading Hungarian Entries, - Rauchwart Name, - Rehling Records. SOME BB NOTES & STATISTICS o Village, Surname, URL & BB Membership lists are current; have you scanned them lately? o Visit the homepage & check your data for accuracy. Lists are updated constantly, check them often. o We have over 505 members. o Newsletter is being distributed to 498 readers. o Surname list now has 2160 Burgenland surname entries. o Albert's List provides all names, districts and parishes for the 318+ Burgenland villages. o Homepage visits now total 33,574. o WorldGenWeb Burgenland query board has 811 informative messages. o The URL list can take you to over 305 helpful web sites. o Archives contain 79 Newsletters (1900 pages-hundreds of articles), 3 definitive Burgenland Genealogy magazine articles, History of Croatians in the Burgenland and many village histories. o All data is Burgenland related! o All this is brought to you by 14 BB staff volunteers. MORE ON SLOVENIA - COMMENT CONCERNING NEWSLETTER 77 (from Fritz Königshofer) As to the creation of Slovenia after WW-II, as part of new Yugoslavia, I believe several aspects could be added, though first of all, I am happy about the result of the correspondence. There was this "windische" part of Vas county, south of Neuhaus am Klausenbach and Felsöszölnök. Some ethnic Germans also lived there. My great-grandfather Alois Koller, a teacher born in Rechnitz, had his first assignment as teacher in Eberau, the next in Schauka (later called Eisenberg an der Pinka), then Moschendorf, followed by a longer stay in Felsörönök, from where he went to Kismäriahavas, which was Füchselsdorf in German, and is now called Fiksinci in Slovenia. As you can see, his career spanned locations that later became Austria, or stayed in Hungary, or became Slovenia/Yugoslavia, i.e., the whole gamut of Vas as it was divided up after WW-II. After the breakup of the Monarchy, he and my greatgrandmother stayed for a while with my grandparents in Rauchwart, but then moved to Szombathely, probably because of their pension, where they both died. Not only is this Slovenian corner of old Vas county legit territory for the BB, I even believe we should include the small area following in the southeast of it (Cakovec), in the triangle between the Mur and Drau rivers, which belonged to old Zala county and is now part of Croatia. The later Slovenian part of Vas did not border Carniola/Krain! It bordered the then much larger Styria. Styria had a "windisch" part in its south called Untersteiermark, or Lower Styria, around the main towns of Marburg, Pettau and Cilli, with the Drau river in its middle and extending down south to the Save river. Today, the Mur river forms part of the border between Styria and Slovenia. When Slovenia emerged after WW-II, it also included a small part of southeastern Carinthia (at the Drau river), and possibly parts of what was called the Coastland (around Trieste). Therefore, Krain or Carniola formed only the core part of new Slovenia, including its capital of Ljubljana, but several other pieces came from other counties and provinces, including the southwestern corner of Vas county. "Wenden" is a German term used to describe Slavs. The adjective form is "wendisch" or "windisch." The Hungarian used the name "Tóth" to describe Slavs like Slovenians and Slovaks. As far as I know, Slovenians don't appreciate the designation as Windische, and of their language as "windisch" by the Austrians. However, there is no question that this is a term with a history and a historical significance, based on an old German term to describe Slavs. MORE ON SENDING MONEY TO AUSTRIA (from A. Marmorstein) Previous issue mentioned: "Ruesch International (700 Eleventh St., Washington, DC 20001, telephone 800-424-2923) is available for checks drawn on foreign banks in national currency and their fees are low." Ruesch has an office in New York City too, and their fees used to be low! However about a year ago they raised the fee for bank checks from $5 to $15... effectively making them unsuitable to those sending small to medium amounts of money. FINDING MARRIAGE RECORDS (from Gerry Stifter) I want you to know how much we appreciate the Burgenland Bunch newsletter. It's a valuable link to other descendants of Burgenlanders. We have also participated in the BB picnic in Minneapolis every year and found this to be a great networking opportunity. You may already be aware of this (tip) regarding marriage banns in the Catholic Church. If readers can't locate their ancestors' villages in Burgenland, tell them to try early church marriage records of their ancestors in this country. We have found that church marriage records in the 1870 to 1880s sometimes have notations that the marriage banns were not only posted in the church they attended in the US, but also were posted in their parish in Burgenland. Usually it will name the church and the diocese in which it was located. If they are lucky, this could be the bridge over the ocean. They need to look carefully for this as it is usually an annotation and invariably in Latin. My wife and I are planning on spending some time in Burgenland this October. We are currently looking at staying in a "Farm Holiday" in Burgenland. The website www.tiscover.com has a great deal of information about these farmhouse accomodations. I originally read about it in the BB Newsletter and have accessed it many times. Keep up the good work. Gerry Stifter, Winsted, Minnesota. READING HUNGARIAN ENTIRES Pat asks: I found this entry for Maria, but I don't understand if she is a Flamisch or not. Would you please explain. Albert answers: Dear Pat, Nice to see that you are making progress. Yes, she is a Flamisch. The entry reads "Märia szül. Flamisch néhai Püschel (Päschel?) György Kukméri [...] özvegye" "szül." is Hungarian for "neé"; "néhai" for "of the late"; "özvegye" for "widow"; So we have Maria nee Flamisch, widow of the late George Puschel (Paschel?) from Kukmirn. RAUCHWART NAME (Albert Schuch to Firmus J Opitz) Albert writes: Dear Firmus, I will post your inquiry on the OZ website later this day and will also forward it to the editor for publishing in the printed edition (will let you know when I see it in print). You ask: << In regards to the village of Rauchwart (smoke watchtower), is it possible that some of my relatives were born in this city, their names being Rauchwarter?? >> Answer: Of course the name Rauchwarter is probably derived from a place called Rauchwart. The meaning of Rauchwart is indeed "smoke watchtower", and the word dates back to the times when people lived in constant fear of Turkish or Hungarian rebel (Hungarians not loyal to the Hapsburg King) attacks from the east. Smoke rising from the watchtowers was used to warn the local population in case of the arrival of hostile troops. But if your relatives from Apetlon are named after a village called Rauchwart, then it is not very likely to be Rauchwart in southern Burgenland. Note that there is also a Rauchwart or Rauchenwart in Lower Austria, somewhere south of Vienna, much closer to Apetlon. (Ed. Note: As Albert states, a chain of watchtowers and castles from the extreme southern and eastern borders northward to Vienna held signal fires which could be lit if enemy forces were sighted. By lighting these fires, smoke and/or beacons of resulting light could notify all points of impending attack. I've read where such notice could be flashed from Güssing to Vienna very quickly.) REHLING "Lehrer Dynasty" RECORDS (Fritz Königshofer, Herbert Rehling, Albert Schuch) [Editor's comment: Members may wonder why we so often publish data concerning Burgenland village schoolteachers. The answer lies in the fact that these individuals were (and often still are) part of the village "leader" triad of "Priest" (Pastor), "Richter" (Bürgermeister-Mayor) and "Lehrer" (Schoolteacher). The priest and schoolteacher were often the better educated members of the village and frequently wrote village histories, newspaper articles and kept village records other than those of municipal importance. Some also served as notaries. They were usually bilingual, frequently trilingual. In the case of schoolteachers, they often intermarried with village families and thus had a vested interest in advancing village interests as well as preserving heritage. I'm very pleased that we can bring you this type of data, another important source of family history. This particular thread is an excellent study.] Fritz writes: This is the message which started the string of messages with Herbert Rehling. Best regards from Budapest, Subject: Lehrer mit Namen Rehling Dear Herbert Rehling, Please excuse the use of English, but it is for the benefit of Gerry whom I copy for his interest. I am on a three weeks business stay in Budapest. Last Saturday, I visited the Széchényi Library and looked through the issues of the newspaper Ungarische Volksschule which was published in 1879 and 1880 under the stewardship of Prof. Johann Ebenspanger of Oberschützen. I found mention of teachers with the name Rehling. I am not sure how many different individuals are involved. September 6, 1879, p. 207. Reports on the final examinations of a course in Oberschützen for teachers, subject Hungarian language, held on August 21. One of the participants who passed the examination was a "Rehling" from Tarcsa. September 20, 1879, p. 239. Joh. Rehling gets transferred as teacher to Räba Szentmärton (Sankt Martin an der Raab). The same Johann Rehling is also mentioned in the issue of the newspaper of June 5, 1880, p. 366, as a guest in the meeting of the teacher association, branch of Güssing-Szent Gotthärd. November 15, 1879, p. 368. Reports that 4 children (orphans) after Johann Rehling, rom.-cath. teacher of Mérem (Miedlingsdorf), would receive 50 fl. (Gulden) each as orphan pension [per year]. [This message has some personal interest for me as well, as my gggrandfather Anton Fürsatz became the rom.-cath. teacher of Miedlingsdorf in about 1879, I believe. This could mean that he followed in the steps of this Johann Rehling.] February 28, 1880 [forgot to note the page]. Reports on the meeting of the teacher association, Oberwart branch, on February 9. In the discussion, the teacher Rehling takes the floor to speak about the introduction of Hungarian as the language of instruction in schools. It is mentioned that he would also perform a practical reading sample presentation at the next meeting of the association to be held in Grosspetersdorf on March 3. March 3, 1880, p. 190-191. Report on the meeting of the teacher association, branch Oberwart, held in Grosspetersdorf. Rehling gave the announced reading presentation in the subject of Heimatkunde (home country knowledge). [This implies that this teacher Rehling had his post in Grosspetersdorf.] Albert then writes: Below I am enclosing some additional information I found in my files about Samuel Rehling and other Rehlings. I am a bit short of time so I didn't translate into English. (Ed.Note-readers please give it a try-not at all difficult). As for Samuel Rehling, the new info is that his wife died in 1890 (at the age of 26), and that a daughter Anna died in infancy or at an early age. Anna and Friedrich (the Professor in Budapest who died in 1927) probably were the only children of Samuel Rehling. Der "Bericht über den katholischen Lehrerverein des Distriktes Rechnitz in der Diözese Steinamanger 1870. Wien 1870. Selbstverlag." (ÖNB 59.327-B) nennt als ordentliches Mitglied: "Johann Rehling, Schullehrer in Miedlingsdorf" --- Daten über ev. Lehrer aus: "Burgenländische Forschungen Heft 40, Karl FIEDLER: Pfarrer, Lehrer und Förderer der ev. Kirche A. u. H. B. im Burgenlande. Eisenstadt 1959": REHLING Johann, * 10.V.1790 Tatzmannsdorf; 1809 (Lehrer in) Sziget; 1818 Neuhaus/Klausenbach; 1859 pens.; 1811 oo 1. Anna BOGÃTH (Jabing); 1826 oo 2. Theresia WUTTKY (Eltendorf, Lehrertochter); + 1864 REHLING Johann, * 26.VI.1896 Oberschützen; 1916-30 Wiesfleck; + 1930; oo 1920 MIKOSCHALEK (aus Wiesfleck) REHLING Johann, * 27.VIII.1903 Tatzmannsdorf; 1923-33 Mörbisch; + 1930; oo Irene NAGY (Mörbisch) REHLING Josef, * 15.X.1906 Tatzmannsdorf; 1929-38 Goberling; 1938 Pinkafeld; 1938-42 Rechnitz; 1942-45 Wehrmacht (Gebirgsjäger; Leutnant); seit 1956 wieder Lehrer (Drumling); oo Ida OCHSENHOFER REHLING Matthias: vor 1871 Winkelschulmeister in Limbach REHLING Otto, * 8.XI.1898 Oberschützen; oo 1921 Theresia WENZL (Wiesfleck); 1926-28 Zahling; 1928-38 Tauka (Staats-Volksschule); lebt dzt. Amtsenthoben in Graz REHLING Samuel, * 22.V.1858 Tatzmannsdorf; 1876-1922 Grosspetersdorf; +1932; oo SCHODITSCH Karoline, Kaufmannstochter aus Grosspetersdorf --- OSZ 6. Juli 1884 Artikel von Samuel Rehling, ev. Lehrer in G-Petersdorf: "Ein Lehrer-Veteran", über Theofil KIELEISZ, ev. Lehrer in G-Petersdorf: feierte am 18.II. seinen 80. Geb.tag; am 18.XI. sein 60j Amtsjubiläum; * 18.II.1804 in Wandorf bei Ödenburg; Vater war armer Weber; kam nach 2 J zu seinen GroÃŸeltern; 1809-15 Schule in W.; verlor mit 9 den Vater; 1815 in die ÖB.er Schule; 18.XI.1824 von den Repräsentanten der GP.er und Welgersdorfer ev. Gemeinde als L. abgeholt; 29.VI.1825 oo Anna OHR; 26 Jahre Ehe, 1 Sohn und 3 Töchter; an der Feier zu seinem 50j L-Jubiläum nahm r.k. Pfarrer ILLÃ‰S teil, ebenso sämtl. Mitglieder des Ober-Eisenburger Lehrervereines; --- OSZ 22. Juni 1890 Im Alter von 26 Jahren verstarb die Frau des G-Petersdorfer ev. Lehrers Samuel REHLING, eine Tochter des Postmeisters Josef SCHODITSCH; der nunmehr erblindete 90j Lehrer Theofil KILEISZ beklagte, dass das Schicksal nicht auserwählt habe ... --- OSZ 21. Dezember 1890 Aus Tarcsa wird uns geschrieben: Montag den 15. d. M. fand die Richterwahl in unserer Gemeinde statt. Gewählt wurde Herr Johann Rehling Nr. 71. Da zum gröÃŸten Leidwesen aller Bessergesinnten der frühere Richter Herr Tobias Ulreich knapp vor dem Wahlakte auf seine Wiederwahl verzichtete und der verschiedenen unwürdigen Agitationen wegen nicht mehr zu bewegen war, sich kandidiren zu lassen. Er hat neuen Jahre hindurch das Richteramt zur vollsten Zufriedenheit der Gemeinde sowie der Behörde begleitet, wofür ihm aber die Gemeinde eher Dank als Undank schulden würde. Wir geben jedoch die Hoffnung nicht auf, Herrn Ulreich in nicht zu ferner Zeit und unter anderen Verhältnissen als Richter von Tarcsa ernannt zu sehen. --- OSZ 16. Jänner 1910 + 7.d. in Budapest Luisa REHLING, geb. NIKA, im Alter von 18 J; --- OSZ 5. November 1922 +28.X. in Wien: Johann REHLING, iAv 70, Besitzer der Theresienvilla in Tatz.; begraben in Tatz.; --- OSZ 13. Mai 1923 Verlobt: Franz REHLING, Notär in Raab-Fidisch, u. Frl. Helene KERSCHBAUM, Tatz.;; --- OSZ 15. Juni 1923 G-Petersdorf: ev. Oberlehrer Samuel REHLING verabschiedet (nach 47 J.); --- OSZ 6. Oktober 1929 + in Tatz. # 53 Michael REHLING im Alter von 75; ein Sohn lebt in Chigaco; --- Aus "Johannes Ebenspanger: Die 50-jährige Geschichte der evangelischen Schulanstalten zu Oberschützen" (1895): REHLING Mathias aus Oberschützen: war 1863-66 Hilfslehrer, gegenwärtig (1895) Lehrer in Modern gewesene Zöglinge 1845-95 (Jahreszahl = Austrittsjahr; Ort = gegenwärtiger Dienstort): REHLING Mathias, 1863, Modern, R. Johann, 1879, Eisenhüttl, R. Samuel, 1881, - R. Samuel, 1876, GroÃŸpetersdorf --- Aus "Johann SCHMIDT: Geschichte der evang. Pfarrgemeinde A.B. in GroÃŸpetersdorf" (in: Jahrbuch für die Geschichte des Protestantismus ... 51. Jg., 1930, S. 148ff): (Seite 178): "Lehrer Samuel REHLING und dessen Sohn Prof. Friedrich REHLING verehrten der Kirche zum Gedächtnis der frühverstorbenen Tochter bzw. Schwester 500 K zu einem "Anna-Rehling-Fonds". Leider sind diese Kapitalien zur Zeit der Inflation vollkommen entwertet worden." --- In der in den 1970ern erschienen GroÃŸpetersdorf Ortschronik befindet sich auf Seite 108 ein Foto von Samuel Rehling (mit dem Klassenlehrer Tobias Honigschnabel und Pfarrer Johann Schmidt) Albert then adds: Fritz, One of the Rehling teachers you mentioned must have been Samuel Rehling, born 22 May 1858 in Tatzmannsdorf (parents: Johann Rehling, farmer, and Marie Graf) who graduated in Oberschützen in 1876 [?] and immediately became teacher in (the Lutheran school of) Grosspetersdorf. He retired in 1923, died 7 April 1932. His son Friedrich Rehling had already died in Budapest 26 Dec 1927 at the age of 40. He had been professor for mathematics and physics at the "Budapester höhere Handelsschule" for 15 years. TO ALL OF WHICH HERB REHLING REPLIES: Dear Fritz Königshofer, thank you so much, sure this is of interset for me. I will check the different Rehling teachers and compare to my entries. I am sure you can answer the following question: How do we get access (from here = Burgenland, Austria) to the LDS records concerning former Austria-Hungary, i.e. Lutheran or RC entries, you mention in your letters sometimes? Fritz answers: Thanks for your reply and the invitation, and also thanks for Albert's further information on the Rehling teacher dynasty (at least it starts to look like one). I much hope to visit southern Burgenland and stop in Bad Tatzmannsdorf to see you. I am from Graz and visit Austria often. I feel a bit awkward using English in the communications with you, but will do it as long as I feel Gerry might be interested in the content. On your question, I believe BB member Klaus Gerger (of Güssing, now in Vienna) has good experience in getting hold of LDS microfilms in Austria. Please try to contact him. However, there may be no LDS library near Bad Tatzmannsdorf, but I obviously don't know. LDS has microfilms of the matrikels of Hungary, and of the area of the Burgenland to the extent of the so-called duplicates which had to be prepared for the dioceses, starting in 1826/1827/1828; in the area of southern Burgenland typically from 1828 till September 1895. They also have duplicates of the civil records of the Burgenland covering the time from October 1895 till all of 1920. However, the civil duplicates from 1908 onwards contain much less information than the previous ones. Albert has also looked into the question of ordering LDS microfilms for viewing in Vienna, but I know that Klaus Gerger has actually and successfully done it. The Austrian dioceses did not allow LDS to film their matrikels. Practically the only exceptions are the matrikels of Upper Austria from about 1819 as far as they became official holdings of the Oberösterreichische Landesarchiv in Linz, and the matrikels of military personnel. LDS filmed the registration records (Meldezettel) of Vienna and Graz, and also the male birth duplicates of these two cities as far as these were prepared in duplicate for purposes of the military draft. There is an LDS web site which gives access to the index of LDS film holdings. I have no web access from my business laptop, but you find some links to the LDS index at the BB link site maintained by Anna Kresh. The main LDS web site allows one to navigate to a list of all LDS Family History Centers. As for today's Hungary, all the original church matrikels had to be handed in to the National Archives in Budapest, therefore LDS was permitted and able to film all of them. For instance, since one line of my ancestors (the teacher family Fürsatz) had lived in Loipersbach from about 1720 till 1790, I was luckily able to trace their vital record entries of this period in the films of the parish Agendorf, now Ãgfalva in Hungary, which are available from LDS. (end of thread.) Newsletter continues as no. 79A.

THE BURGENLAND BUNCH NEWS - No. 79A DEDICATED TO AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN BURGENLAND FAMILY HISTORY (issued biweekly by Gerald Berghold) April 30, 2000 This second section of the 3-section newsletter features: - Possible Burgenland Immigrant Ships (A to O). POSSIBLE BURGENLAND IMMIGRANT SHIPS (A to O, Larger Vessels Built Pre-1929) Previous newsletters have mentioned immigrant itineraries, transportation and ports of departure. Considering the small amount of time spent on most crossings, it's surprising how important the names of ships are to people interested in family history. While the ship mystique starts with the arrival of the Mayflower, family history interest is mainly due to the fact that a ship's manifest (many of which have survived) is the first record of arrival in the new world; a record of the passengers' names, ports of departure and arrival, dates, place of origin etc. Given the name of the ship and a time frame, one can get a lot of data concerning an immigrant ancestor. There were dozens of ships which could have brought Burgenland immigrants from European and English ports. Some took direct passage from German ports to America, others involved transfers to ships in other ports. Do not be misled into thinking that all voyages were direct from German ports to American ports on German ships. There were "indirect" passages from British ports following rail journey from Harwich to Liverpool as an example. Many immigrants also left from English, French, Dutch, Italian (Genoa) and even Austrian ports (Trieste, Pula, Fiume). Many British and American ships also made scheduled stops in European ports prior to the trans-Atlantic crossing. I have pictures of posters appearing in Burgenland towns (particularly Güssing at the shop of Johann Früwirth in 1922-23) which advertise French Line ships FRANCE, PARIS and CHICAGO [10.5M tons], Le Havre to New York. Also North German Lloyd ships BREMEN, EUROPA, COLUMBUS, Bremen, Southampton, Cherbourg to New York; Cosulich Line "Nach New York mit dem Schnelldampfern (fast steamer) MARTHA WASHINGTON und PRESIDENTE WILSON; Holland Amerika Linie, "Nach Amerika über Rotterdam"; Austro-Americana-Trieste, Trieste to New York, Dopelschraubendampfer (double-screw steamer) KAISER FRANZ JOSEF I (1913). Cunard Lines, Royal Mail Line, Hamburg - Amerika Line, White Star Line, Red Star Line, and United States Lines are also represented. Hamburg American Line (HAPAG) even had a MS BURGENLAND but I can find little concerning her except a picture taken in 1928. Major ports of emigration changed as surface and ocean transportation changed. Up until 1914, most steamships were colliers, as opposed to diesel. Prior to 1902, many transatlantic vessels displaced less than 10,000 tons; by 1902, 15,000 tons or greater became the norm. It was more profitable to run larger vessels and, as immigrant bookings swelled, passengers became a most profitable cargo. Larger vessels were faster, provided better facilities, allowed cheaper fares and made more scheduled trips. Most immigrant passage horror stories, which persisted after the age of sail, involved the smaller, coal-fired steamships or early "steerage" class. Early "steerage" was often a cargo hold lined with wooden bunks. At best a blanket and straw mattress (thrown overboard upon arrival to remove vermin) were provided. In some, passengers even had to provide their own food. During rough crossings, sea water could seep into the hold. Later "third class" steerage accommodations were much better, providing dining halls, stewards, medical facilities and better sleeping accommodations. Below is a list of vessels with a displacement of 15,000 tons or more, all of which could have been involved in the movement of Burgenländers from Europe to North America (United States and Canada) in the years before 1930, by which time the Immigration and Quota Bills (passed in 1921 and 1924) put a virtual halt to the great wave of Burgenland immigration. Ships built after that time did bring some Burgenländers to the United States, but the numbers were small. Post WW-II quota immigration by ship lasted until the 1960's, after which air travel replaced the ship. Ships were built for a specific purpose or trade route. There were regularly scheduled routes to North and South America (heavy immigration there and to Canada after 1925) and elsewhere. I have not listed ships involved in other than North America migration. Many ships with large passenger ratings were built exclusively for the immigration trade and provided more third class steerage accommodations, with less first and second class cabins. The FRANCONIA 1911 of 18M tons as an example, provided accommodations for 300 first class, 350 second class and 2200 third class. The FRANCE 1912 of 24M tons provided 534 first class, 442 second class and only 800 steerage. The comfort difference should be obvious. If your ancestors arrived on other than one of the later larger listed ships, they could well have had a rough voyage. The data is from various sources, mentioned in the selected bibliography. These books as well as some web sites can provide more data as well as pictures of the ships, see our URL list for web site addresses. Shown are the ships' names, where and when built, approximate tonnage (rounded to nearest thousand tons), service speed, number of passengers, shipping firm, normal port to port route and final disposition. During WW-I and WW-II, many of these ships were used as troop ships or laid up in ports of destination or origin. Many were seized as war reparations and given new names and new routes. I hope to be able to eventually provide similar data for ships under 10M tons. ADRIATIC, Belfast, Ireland 1907, 24M tons, 17 knots, 2825 passengers, White Star Line, Liverpool to New York. Scrapped 1935. ALBERT BALLIN, Hamburg, Germany 1923, 21M tons, 15.5 knots, 1551 passengers, Hamburg America Line, Hamburg to New York, renamed HANSA 1935, rebuilt following WWII, scrapped 1981. (note: Albert Ballin was a Hamburg shipping magnate, who desired to improve the emigrants lot, since it made good business sense. After the cholera epidemic of 1892, he established a huge immigrant depot in Hamburg complete with hygiene facilities, baths, kitchens [even kosher ones] and sleeping quarters. Called the "Amerika Village", it accommodated four thousand people at a time. Immigrants were forbidden to leave until their ship was ready but there were band concerts and even a library. From this beginning, transport conditions also improved.) ALSATIAN, Dalmuit, Scotland, 1913, 18M tons, 18 knots, 1745 passengers, Allan Line, Liverpool to Canada, renamed EMPRESS OF FRANCE 1919, scrapped 1934. AMERIKA, Belfast, Ireland, 1905, 22M tons, 17.5 knots, 2662 passengers, Hamburg America Line, Hamburg to New York, largest liner afloat 1905-06, (seized by US and renamed AMERICA 1914), United States Lines 1921, renamed Edmund B. Alexander and used as troopship WWII. Scrapped 1957. AQUITANIA, Clydebank, Scotland, 1914, 46M tons, 23 knots, 3230 passengers, Cunard Line, Southampton-New York. Last four funnel liner. Scrapped 1950. ARABIC, Belfast, Ireland, 1903, 16M tons, 16 knots, 2000 passengers, White Star Line, Liverpool-Boston-New York, sunk by U-boat 1915. BERLIN, Hamburg, Germany, 1925, 15M tons, 16 knots, 1122 passengers, North German Lloyd Line, Bremerhaven to New York. Laid up 1938. Sank 1945, raised, repaired, transferred to Soviet Union. Collision and sunk 1986. BREMEN, Bremen, Germany, 1929, 52M tons, 27 knots, 2200 passengers, North German Lloyd Line, Bremerhaven to New York. World's fastest liner 1929-33. Laid up 1939, scrapped 1941. CALEDONIA, Glasgow, Scotland, 1925, 17M tons, 16 knots, 1408 passengers, Anchor Line, Glasgow to New York, torpedoed 1940. CALGARIAN, Glasgow, Scotland, 1914, 18M tons, 18 knots, 1650 passengers, Allan Line, Liverpool to Canada, sunk by U-boat 1918. CALIFORNIA, Glasgow, Scotland, 1923, 17M tons, 16 knots, 1760 passengers, Anchor Line, Glasgow to New York, sunk by aircraft 1943. CAMERONIA, Glasgow, Scotland, 1921, 16M tons, 16 knots, 1785 passengers, Anchor Line, Glasgow to New York, troopship, Australian immigration ship 1948, scrapped 1957. CARINTHIA, Barrow, England, 1925, 20M tons, 16.5 knots, 1650 passengers, Cunard Line, Liverpool to New York, torpedoed 1940. CARMANIA, Clydebank, Scotland, 1905, 20M tons, 18 knots, 2650 passengers, Cunard Line, Liverpool to New York, armed cruiser, troop ship 1914-18. Scrapped 1932. CARONIA, Clydebank, Scotland, 1905, 20M tons, 18 knots, 2650 passengers, Cunard Line, Liverpool to New York, armed cruiser, troop ship 1914-18. Scrapped 1933. CEDRIC, Belfast, Ireland, 1902, 21M tons, 16 knots, 2875 passengers, White Star Line, Liverpool to New York. Largest ship in the world, 1903-04. Scrapped 1932. CELTIC, Belfast, Ireland, 1901, 21M tons, 16 knots, 2857 passengers, White Star Line, Liverpool to New York. Largest ship in the world, 1901-03. Scrapped 1928. CINCINNATI, Danzig, Germany, 1909, 16M tons, 15.5 knots, 2827 passengers, Hamburg America Line, Hamburg to New York. Interned Boston 1914. US troop ship, COVINGTON, torpedoed 1918. CLEVELAND, Hamburg, Germany, 1909, 17M tons, 15.5 knots, 2841 passengers, Hamburg America Line, Hamburg to New York. Laid up Hamburg duration of WWI. Troopship MOBILE. Sold to Byron SS Co. 1920, renamed KING ALEXANDER, Mediterranean-US service, sold 1923 United America Lines, renamed CLEVELAND, Hamburg to New York service, 1926 repurchased by Hamburg America Line for Hamburg to New York service. Scrapped 1933. COLUMBUS, Belfast, Ireland, 1903, 15M tons, 16 knots, 2300 passengers, Dominion Line, Liverpool to Boston. Sold to White Star Line late 1903, renamed REPUBLIC, Boston service, later Mediterranean to New York immigrant run. Sank 1909 after colliding with steamer FLORIDA. COLUMBUS, Danzig , Germany, 1924, 33M tons, 23 knots, 1725 passengers. North German Lloyd, Bremmerhaven to New York. Rebuilt 1929. Sunk by fire 1939. CONTE GRANDE, Trieste, Italy, 1927, 26m tons, 19 knots, 1718 passengers. Lloyd Sabudo Line, Genoa to New York. Sold to Italian Line 1932 for S. American service. Scrapped 1961. CONTE ROSSO, Glasgow, Scotland, 1921, 18M tons, 18.5 knots, 2366 passengers. Lloyd Sabudo Line, Italy to New York. Sold to Italian Line 1932 for S. American service. Torpedoed 1941. DEUTSCHLAND, Stettin, Germany, 1900, 17M tons, 22 knots, 2050 passengers. Hamburg America Line, Hamburg to New York. Fastest passenger ship afloat at time. Rebuilt 1910-11 as all first class cruise ship VICTORIA LUISE. Rebuilt as immigration ship HANSA 1921. Scrapped 1925. DEUTSCHLAND, Hamburg, Germany, 1924, 21M tons, 15.5 knots, 1558 passengers. Hamburg America Line, Hamburg to New York. Rebuilt 1930, 1934. Became German naval accommodation ship. Sunk by aircraft 1945. DORIC, Belfast, Ireland, 1923, 16M tons, 15 knots, 2300 passengers. White Star Line, Liverpool to Canada, later cruising only. Collision with French steamer 1935, broken up. DUTCHESS OF ATHOLL, Glasgow, Scotland, 1928, 20M tons, 18 knots, 1563 passengers. Canadian Pacific Steamship Line, Liverpool to Canada service. Troopship 1939, torpedoed 1942. DUTCHESS OF BEDFORD, Clydebank, Scotland, 1928, 20M tons, 18 knots, 1570 passengers. Canadian Pacific Steamship Line, Liverpool to Canada service. Troopship 1939, restored 1947 as EMPRESS OF FRANCE, resumed service to Canada. Scrapped 1960. DUTCHESS OF RICHMOND, Clydebank, Scotland, 1928, 20M tons, 18 knots, 1570 passengers. Canadian Pacific Steamship Line, Liverpool to Canada service. Troopship 194O. Refitted 1947 as EMPRESS OF CANADA, resumed service to Canada. Burned and sank 1953. DUTCHESS OF YORK, Clydebank, Scotland, 1929, 20M tons, 18 knots, 1570 passengers. Canadian Pacific Steamship Line, Liverpool to Canada service. Troopship 194O. Torpedoed 1943. DUILIO, Genoa, Italy, 1923, 24M tons, 19 knots, 1550 passengers, Navigazione Generale Italiana, Italy to New York until 1928, then South America service, (transferred to Italian Line 1932), laid up 1940 and sunk by air raid 1944. EUROPA, Hamburg, Germany, 1930, 50M tons, 27 knots, 2024 passengers, North German Lloyd Line, Bremerhaven to New York. Fastest liner at time. Laid up 1939. Seized by US 1945, used as troop ship. Given to France 1946, renamed Liberte, sank at pier 1946. Restored 1947-50, Le Havre to NY service. Scrapped 1962. FRANCE, St. Nazaire, France, 1912, 24M tons, 24 knots, 2026 passengers, French Line, Le Havre to New York. Troopship WWI, resumed service 1919-1932, laid up 1932, scrapped 1935. FRANCONIA, Clydebank, Scotland, 1911, 18M tons, 17 knots, 2850 passengers. Cunard Line Liverpool to New York and Boston. Troopship 1915. Sunk by submarine 1916. FRANCONIA, Clydebank, Scotland, 1923, 20M tons, 16.5 knots, 1843 passengers. Cunard Line Liverpool to New York and cruising. Troopship 1939. Resumed service 1949, scrapped 1957. GEORGE WASHINGTON, Stettin, Germany 1909, 26M tons, 18.5 knots, 2679 passengers, North German Lloyd, Bremmerhaven to New York. Interned and seized by US in NY 1914, troopship 1917. United States Lines 1921. Laid up 1932-40. Renamed CATLIN and used as wartime transport. Destroyed by fire 1951. GIULIO CESARE, Newcastle, England, 1922, 22M tons, 19 knots, 2373 passengers. Navigazione Generale Italiana, Italy to New York until 1925, then South America service, (transferred to Italian Line 1932), laid up 1940 and sunk by air raid 1944. GREAT EASTERN, London, England, 1859, 19M tons, 13.5 knots, steam, sail and paddle wheels, 2996 passengers, Great Steamship Company. Transatlantic service 1865-69. Scrapped 1889. GRIPSHOLM, Newcastle, England, 1925, 18M tons, 16 knots, 1557 passengers. Swedish American Line, Göteburg to New York service. Sold to North German Lloyd, renamed BERLIN 1955, Bremerhaven to NY. Scrapped 1966. HAMBURG, Hamburg, Germany, 1926, 21M tons, 15.5 knots, 1149 passengers. Hamburg America Line, Hamburg to New York. Rebuilt 1929 and 1933, 1934. Became German naval accommodation ship 1940. Mined and sank 1945. Raised by Soviets 1950, renamed YURI DOLGORUKI, scrapped 1977. HOMERIC, Danzig, Germany, 1922, 34M tons, 19 knots, 2766 passengers. White Star Line, Southampton to New York service. Scrapped 1936. ILE DE FRANCE, Nazaire, France, 1927, 43M tons, 23.5 knots, 1786 passengers. French Line, Le Havre to New York. Troopship 1939. Resumed service 1949. Scrapped 1959. IMPERATOR, Hamburg, Germany, 1913, 52M tons, 23 knots, 4594 passengers. Hamburg-America Line, Hamburg to New York. Largest ship afloat 1913-14. Ceded to Britain 1920. Cunard Line 1921, renamed BERENGARIA. Scrapped 1939. KAISER WILHELM, Stettin, Germany 1903, 19M tons, 23 knots, 1888 passengers, North German Lloyd, Bremmerhaven to New York. World's fastest ship 1906-07. Laid up and later seized by US in NY 1914. Became transport AGAMEMNON, then MONTICELLO. Scrapped 1940. KAISERIN AUGUSTE VICTORIA, Stettin, Germany 1906, 25M tons, 17.5 knots, 2996 passengers. Hamburg-America Line, Hamburg to New York. Laid up 1914 and given to Britain 1919, Cunard Line then Canadian Pacific as EMPRESS OF SCOTLAND. Scrapped 1930. KRONPRINZESSIN CECILIE, Stettin, Germany 1906, 19M tons, 23 knots, 1970 passengers. North German Lloyd, Bremmerhaven to New York. Seized by US in 1917, became US Navy transport MOUNT VERNON. Scrapped 1940. KUNGSHOLM, Hamburg, Germany 1928, 20M tons, 17.5 knots, 1575 passengers. Swedish-American Line, Sweden to New York service. Sold to US 1942, troopship JOHN ERICSSON. Resold 1947. Scrapped 1965. LACONIA, Newcastle, England 1911, 18M tons, 17 knots, 2850 passengers. Cunard Line, Liverpool to New York, Boston. Sunk by U-boat 1917. LACONIA, Newcastle, England 1922, 20M tons, 16 knots, 2180 passengers. Cunard Line, Liverpool to New York. Sunk by U-boat 1942. LAPLAND, Belfast, Ireland 1909, 18M tons, 17 knots, 2536 passengers. Red Star Line, Antwerp to New York. Broken up 1934. LAURENTIC, Belfast, Ireland 1927, 19M tons, 16 knots, 1500 passengers. White Star Line, Liverpool to Canada. Torpedoed 1940. LUSITANIA, Clydebank, Scotland 1907, 32M tons, 25 knots, 2165 passengers. Cunard Line-Liverpool to New York. Torpedoed 1915. MAURETANIA, Newcastle, England 1907, 32M tons, 25 knots, 2335 passengers. Cunard Line, Liverpool to New York. World's fastest 1907-29. Broken up 1935. MELITA, Belfast, Ireland 1918, 15M tons, 16 knots, 1750 passengers. Canadian Pacific Lines-Liverpool to Canada service. Sold to Italy and renamed LIGURIA 1935, sank by aircraft 1940. MILWAUKEE, Hamburg, Germany 1929, 17M tons, 16 knots, 957 passengers. Hamburg-America Line, Hamburg to New York service. Seized by British 1945. Scrapped 1947. MINNEKAHDA, Belfast, Ireland 1919, 17M tons, 15 knots, 2150 passengers. Atlantic Transport Line, Transatlantic service to New York. Scrapped 1936. MINNETONKA, Belfast, Ireland 1924, 22M tons, 16 knots, 369 first class passengers only. Atlantic Transport Line, London to New York. Scrapped 1934. MINNEWASKA, Belfast, Ireland 1923, 22M tons, 16 knots, 369 first class passengers only. Atlantic Transport Line, London to New York. Scrapped 1934. MONTCALM, Clydebank, Scotland 1922, 16M tons, 16 knots, 1810 passengers. Canadian Pacific Lines-Liverpool to Canada service. Scrapped 1952. MONTCLARE, Clydebank, Scotland 1922, 16M tons, 16 knots, 1810 passengers. Canadian Pacific Lines-Liverpool to Canada service. Scrapped 1958. MONTROSE, Glasgow, Scotland 1922, 16M tons, 16 knots, 1810 passengers. Canadian Pacific Lines-Liverpool to Canada service. Sunk by submarine 1940. NEW YORK, Hamburg, Germany 1927, 21M tons, 15.5 knots, 1032 passengers. Hamburg-America Line, Hamburg to New York service. Sunk by bombers 1945. NIUW AMSTERDAM, Belfast, Ireland 1906, 17M tons, 16 knots, 2886 passengers. Holland-American Line, Rotterdam-Channel ports-New York service. Broken up 1932. OCEANIC, Belfast, Ireland 1899, 17M tons, 19 knots, 1710 passengers. White Star Line flagship and world's largest liner 1899-1901. First ship in excess of 700 feet in length. Liverpool to New York service. Scrapped 1924. OHIO, Bremen, Germany 1919, 19M tons, 17 knots, 1442 passengers. Royal Mail Lines, north Atlantic service to New York. Sold to White Star Line 1927, renamed ALBERTIC, Liverpool to Canada Service. Scrapped 1935. OLYMPIC, Belfast, Ireland 1911, 45M tons, 21 knots, 2764 passengers. Sister ship to the TITANIC. White Star Line, Southampton to New York. Largest liner until 1913. Broken up 1937. ORBITA, Belfast, Ireland 1915, 16M tons, 14 knots, 887 passengers. Pacific Steam Navigation Co. South America service. Sold to Royal Mail Lines for Hamburg-New York service 1921-27. Broken up 1950. ORCA, Belfast, Ireland 1918, 16M tons, 14 knots, 890 passengers. Pacific Steam Navigation Co. Cargo ship. Sold to Royal Mail Lines for Hamburg-New York service 1921-27. Sold to White Star, renamed CALGARIC 1927, Liverpool-Canada service. Broken up 1935. ORDUNA, Belfast, Ireland 1915, 16M tons, 14 knots, 1120 passengers. Pacific Steam Navigation Co. South America service. Sold to Royal Mail Lines for Hamburg-New York service 1921-27.Resumed South America service 1927. Broken up 1951. Ships with names from P to Z to be continued in Newsletter 80A. BILBLIOGRAPY Bilder Chronik der Stadt Güssing, P. Hajszanyi, Im Eigenverlag 1990 Coming to America, R. Daniels, Harper Perennial 1990 Crossings, The Great Transatlantic Migrations, 1870-1914, W. Nugent, Ind. Univ. Press, 1995 Die Amerika Wanderung der Burgenländer, W. Dujmovits, Desch-Drexler 1992 Great Passenger Ships of the World, A. Kludas, Patrick Stevens, Ltd., 1972 Merchant Ships of the World, L. Dunn, Macmillan 1973 Nach Amerika, Burgenländische Landesausstellung, Eisenstadt, 1992 Pictorial Encyclopedia of Ocean Liners, W. Miller, Dover, 1995 The Only Way To Cross, J. Maxtone-Graham, Collier 1972 Newsletter continues as no. 79B.

THE BURGENLAND BUNCH NEWS - No. 79B DEDICATED TO AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN BURGENLAND FAMILY HISTORY (issued biweekly by Gerald Berghold) April 30, 2000 This third section of the 3-section newsletter contains: - Shipping Agents in Burgenland Villages, - Major Ports of Departure, - Ports of Entry, - More District Maps & Storks in Güssing, - Hizi Atlasz for Vas, Moson, Györ, Sopron Megye and - URL & Member Changes. SHIPPING AGENTS IN BURGENLAND VILLAGES I recently thought that an important piece of the immigrant itinerary puzzle would be to know the shipping line(s) which had agents in or close to villages of origin. In the book "Nach Amerika", Burgenländischen Landesausstellung, 1992 Burg Güssing; Felix Tobler of Eisenstadt has written a chapter called "Schiffahrtsgesellschaften im Burgenland 1921-1938", which translates literally to the title of this article. He lists the villages and names of the shipping lines having village agents during this period. A Burgenländer interested in emigrating would most likely contact someone where he lived. Many of the agents were also Gasthaus Wirts or other local business people known to him. There were also cases where passage was arranged by friends or relatives who had already migrated, and they in turn would have made local arrangements. As stated before, such arrangements could often be "portal to portal", surface and ocean transport all included. All lines also had agents or offices in Vienna, Budapest, Graz, Sopron, Szombathely and other major cities. The following villages, shipping line agents (for North American routes only-some may also have provided South Americcan service), and time frame were extracted from "Nach Amerika": Neusiedl am See - Königlich Holländischer Lloyd - 1923-24 - American Line - 1925-26 Eisenstadt - Transatlantica Italiana - 1924-28 - Königlich Holländischer Lloyd - 1925-26 Pinkafeld - Lloyd Sabaudo - 1929-30 Oberwart - American Line - 1924-25 - Königlich Holländischer Lloyd - 1927-32 - Red Star Line - 1930-34 - White Star Line - 1930-35 - Cunard Line - 1930-35 - Canadian Pacific Railway - 1930-? - Royal Mail Lines - 1936-38 Grosspetersdorf - Navagazione Generale Itlaiana - 1923-27 - Lloyd Triestino - 1923-25, 1938 - Cosulich Line - 1936-38 Güssing - Österreichische Rhederei A. G. - 1922 - Hamburg-Amerika Line (HAPAG) - 1922-38 - United American Lines - 1922-38 - North German Lloyd - 1922-38 - United States Lines - 1922-24 - Royal Mail Line - 1922-30 - Holland-Amerika - 1922-? - Red Star Line - 1923-30 - White Star - 1923-30 - American Line - 1923-24 - Cunard Line - 1922-30 - Cunard White Star Ltd. - 1935-38 - Compagnie Gen. Transatlantique - 1922-38 - Societe Gen. de Transport Maritimes - 1922-24 - Cosulich Line - 1925-27 MAJOR PORTS OF DEPARTURE Ports of departure changed as surface and ocean transportation changed, thus it is difficult to be absolutely sure of an emigrant's port of departure without finding his name on a ship's manifest. We can follow some general guides however, as the following statistics indicate. (from "Nach Amerika", Burgenländischen Landesausstellung, 1992, Burg Güssing). Prior to 1918, the the majority of Austro-Hungarian emigrants left from the following ports as the numbers indicate: Hamburg & Bremen - 2,389,325 Rotterdam & Antwerp - 653,613 Le Havre - 89,335 Some emigrants from the southern parts (including most of central and eastern Hungary) left from: Genoa - 96,038 Trieste - 76,849 Fiume (Rijeka) - 242,470 In the period 1820-1924, the United States received 33,188,000 immigrants. During the period 1846-1924, 4,878,000 left Austria-Hungary. The ports were busy places. (data from "Crossings" - see below). Notice that Cherbourg, a major continental port for British and American lines is not listed, indicating that, prior to 1918, European (continental) shipping lines may have carried most of the immigrants. I would assume from this that it wasn't until after WW-I that British and American lines became a major factor in direct Burgenland immigrant transatlantic crossings. This is also supported by the dates when their shipping agents were active in the Burgenland. It is known, however, that Cunard Line's AQUITANIA (built 1914, 46M tons, service speed 23 knots, 3230 passengers, 1998 of which were third class) carried Austro/Hungarian emigrants from the ports of Antwerp, Trieste and Fiume (Rijeka). There must have been others that used continental or Mediteranian and Adriatic ports. If any member has further information concerning ports used by British and American lines, please contact me. Walter Nugent in "Crossings", Indianna Univ. Press, 1995, also indicates that many migrants from north European ports, during the period 1871-1914, traveled "indirect," crossing the North Sea to Harwich, England and then by rail to Liverpool, leaving there for their transatlantic crossing on British or American ships. Ships operating out of Mediterranean ports (mostly French, Italian and Greek Lines) were noted for their poor facilities. One journalist traveling as an immigrant from Naples wrote of worms in the food, stuffy, stinking bunks and the hot and fetid atmosphere of a compartment holding 150 sea-sick men (in steerage and third class, women were often segregated). It appears that the majority of our Burgenländers taking the northern routes may have been more fortunate. PORTS OF ENTRY If you were to guess that New York was the port of entry for your Burgenland ancestor, you'd probably be right most of the time. However if your ancestors arrived before 1880 or in the late 1920's, or if they settled in the West or Midwest, or in the deep South, there is a possibility that another port might have been involved. In 1986, the Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies (Philadelphia, PA) held a conference entitled "Freedom's Doors: The Other Ports of Entry to the United States". This resulted in a series of essays edited by M. Mark Stolarik and published by The Balch Institute Press, 1988. Some of what follows has been extracted from that source. While recognizing New York as the major US port (and certainly the major port of entry for Burgenländers) the essays offer as alternatives the ports of Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimore as well as Miami, New Orleans, San Francisco and Los Angeles. To this I would add Galveston (prior to 1861) since I know of at least one "Germanic" group who arrived through this port in 1850. It included Chrisine (sic) Berghold, age 20, Fried, age 45, Jacob, age 28 and Ludwig, age 18. I've not been able to link them to my family and, from their given names, I'd guess they were either north Germans or Austrians from Styria. It is well established that there were (are) Germanic enclaves in Texas. We can't determine which of the above ports may have been used by Burgenländers since statistics merge Austrians with Germans and Hungarians with "eastern Europeans" (a common Burgenland ethnic research irritant since we have a foot on both sides of the border); however, we can still get some guidance, based on other known factors, among them being the shipping lines using particular ports. Referring to the previous article concerning ships in excess of 15M tons, we can see that most berthed in New York although some either continued on to Boston or arrived in Boston. I would also assume that ships under 15M tons might be more prone to using Philadelphia or Baltimore due to bay and inland waterway restrictions. While ships as large as the Queen Elizabeth II (66M tons) as well as mammoth US Navy carriers have berthed in Philadelphia and Baltimore, there are navigation difficulties. The Delaware Bay and River Channels are narrow and shallow, as are the Chesapeake Bay shipping lanes. Some comments concerning these "other doors": BOSTON This was a destination for ships from Liverpool, going well back in the age of sail, which carried a large number of English and Irish (Boston population was 75% Irish in the 1850's) immigrants as evidenced by the heavy concentration of those ethnic groups still found in the area. There may have been a minor Germanic element, but there is not a Burgenland enclave to my knowledge. Since some German shipping firms included Boston in their scheduled sailings I would expect it may have been the destination for Burgenländers headed to the interior or even to Canada. A good possibility for "indirect" crossings. PHILADELPHIA Another port, which in the age of sail, saw thousands of Palatinate emigrants (so-called Pennsylvania Dutch) arriving by sail beginning 1727 and continuing well into the 1800's. Rupp, in his book "30 Thousand Names" lists the Palatinate surnames found in hundreds of ship manifests. There undoubtedly are a few Hungarians and Austrians in this group although most are Swiss, Rhine Hesse, Würtemburgers, Bavarians, etc. It was with the coming of the steamship that Philadelphia emerged as another major port of immigration for central Europeans. In the late 1800's, the American Line was founded by the Pennsylvania Railroad and opened an immigrant station in South Philadelphia. Their ship the OHIO, began an immigrant service, Liverpool to Philadelphia. Three other steamers, the PENNSYLVANIA, INDIANA and ILLINOIS joined the fleet. Later the KENSINGTON, SOUTHWARK, HAVERFORD and MERION joined them and immigrant entry peaked at 20M per year. The service was leased to the White Star Line in 1921. The Red Star Line connected Philadelphia to Antwerp in 1873 and operated until WW-I. The Allan Line began service from Glasgow in 1884. The Hamburg American Line started service from Hamburg, which would have carried the bulk of the Austro/Hungarian immigrants wishing to go to Philadelphia. By WW-I, four ships sailed regularly with a stop in Boston. Other lines like Holland America, Italia and North German Lloyd followed suit. Following WW-I, quota restrictions gradually put a stop to wholesale immigration and operations gradually ceased. A number of post-WW-II refugees and a smaller group of Hungarian freedom fighter refugees in the 1950's were also processed through Philadelphia. Living and working in Wilmington, Delaware at the time, I had occasion in the 1960's to visit Philadelphia and drive through the closed and abandoned immigrant dock areas. It was always a most haunting experience, thinking of the large numbers of immigrants who had filed through those vast warehouses. On a misty, foggy day with the river traffic sounding foghorns, you could almost see the immigrants embarking. BALTIMORE Frequently used as an early gateway to the American west, more ships carrying immigrants arrived there than its situation at the head of Chesapeake Bay would suggest. By 1830 there were firm trade links with Liverpool and Bremen. There was a German Society, whose president Albert Schumacher helped create a link between German steamship lines and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. In 1867, the B&O signed an agreement with the North German Lloyd to allow immigrants to purchase a ticket that would carry them across the Atlantic by ship and then west by train. If your ancestor settled in the west (without an eastern stay), there's a good possibility he came via Baltimore. Steamer BALTIMORE arrived with first shipload of such immigrants in 1868. Hamburg-American and Baltimore Mail Lines followed suit. An Immigration Station was established at Locust Point. A large hostel (boarding house) was located nearby-cost of room and board 75 cents/day while waiting for rail transport. By 1913, immigrants averaged 40M per year. MIAMI Mostly received immigrants from the Caribbean, Bahama, Cuba and Haiti. NEW ORLEANS Much immigration occurred between 1820 and 1860, about 550,000 immigrants. Cotton ships traveling to Liverpool, Le Havre, Bremen and Hamburg needed return cargo and found it in human cargo. It was a longer voyage but cheaper (travelers' market) and a good route to the American frontier. A German Society to protect immigrants was formed in 1847. Croats from Dalmatia (Trieste area) came in the 1850's. Following the Civil War, Caribbean and Mediterranean immigrants made up most of the diminished traffic. SAN FRANCISCO-LOS ANGELES Mostly Asian and Hispanic ethnic groups. MORE MAPS & STORKS IN GÜSSING (from Klaus Gerger) Ed: In addition to expanding his district village map series (Jennersdorf, Güssing and Neusiedl are now complete, Eisenstadt is next), Klaus informs me that the total Güssing stork population is increasing. Klaus writes: Thanks for the data, the new map may be seen at http://www.the-burgenland-bunch.org/Map/VillageMaps.htm. As you wrote the storks select a high place with free sight and space (for the first flight attempts of the youngsters). In Güssing there are 6 to 8 nests (at the Kloster, Auswanderermuseum, Alte Molkerei, (old dairy) vis-ä-vis "Hianzn Stüberl", vis-ä-vis GrabenstraÃŸe 17 [my parents], ...). In Güssing the storks like the Fischteich (pond south of the castle which is now a fish farm) best. On my homepage you can see 3 pics of Güssing storks: 1. taken from Burg Güssing, the storks are out for dinner http://members.1012surfnet.at/gerger/stork3.gif 2. most time they have two eggs, but this year ... http://members.1012surfnet.at/gerger/storch1.jpg 3. taken in Neustift (Heidi's mother) 13 !! storks following a tractor http://members.1012surfnet.at/gerger/storks2.jpg Next map will be Eisenstadt, but this will take a while. Regards Klaus HISZI ATLAS FOR VAS and SOPRON, MOSON, GYÖR MEGYE We mentioned these atlases in previous issues and Fritz Konigshofer provided data for a few of the immediate border villages. Recently Fritz sent me copies of the two atlases mentioned, having hand carried them back from Budapest. They are extremely well done publications on a scale of 1:20 000, in color, data in Hungarian, German and English. The Vas Atlasz is ISBN: 963-610-026-8. Distributor address is Vallakozoi Kozpont, 9700 Szombathely, Petofi S. u. 1/b, Hungary. The Sopron Atlasz is ISBN 963-610-031-4. Distributor address is ATLASZ Terkep-es Konyvkiado Bt., 9023 Györ, Szigethy Attila u. 78/A, Hungary. The publisher address is Kiadja: HISZI-MAP KFT, 5700 Gyula, Corvin u. 3, Hungary. Price for each is 2500 Hungarian forints (plus postage). I haven't tried but some of the larger bookstores may be able to order copies. You might also try writing the publisher or distributor. If anyone is successful in doing this, please let me know so I can share the procedure with the membership. Please don't ask Fritz to get copies for you as his travels take him many other places besides Hungary and books quickly add to luggage weight. Most villages are covered, some as small as 23 inhabitants (Nemesmedves). Where not covered you'll find they've been incorporated with other villages. There is a brief history of each village, mention of churches and historic buildings with a pictorial map of the village and its coat of arms. Zip code and area code are shown. The Sopron atlas has some enlarged histories as well as village pictures. The atlases are spiral bound, printed on good quality heavy glossy paper, using vivid colored ink. They are a very welcome addition to my library and many thanks to Fritz for his courtesy. I'll now be able to provide some data for Hungarian Burgenland border villages. Next to the Kirsner & Peternell Burgenland Bezirk books, they will undoubtedly become the most well thumbed books in my Burgenland library. BURGENLAND BUNCH INTERNET LINKS - ADDITIONS, REVISIONS 4/30/00 (from Internet/URL Editor Anna Tanczos Kresh) AUSTRIAN, AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN INTERNET LINKS o Austrian Genealogy eGroup http://atgen.tsx.org - (site under development) message forum; plans for ability to hold online chats and voice conferences; other resources (Franz Hrazdira) AUSTRIAN, BURGENLAND RADIO/MUSIC SOURCES (added "radio" to category title) o AudioOnDemand http://www.wrn.org/ondemand/ - on demand radio from Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, the Vatican, and many more (each site offers multiple languages)(previously broken link has been restored) BURGENLAND INTERNET LINKS o Thermenwelt Burgenland http://www.thermenwelt.at/ - some hotel/gasthaus info on limited number of villages; links to these villages (Bob Unger, Albert Schuch) URL CHANGES (revised links/descriptions) (thanks to Albert Schuch and Bob Unger for their assistance on these) o Burgenland Gemeinden http://www.burgenland.at/ - click on "Region auswähler" for hotel/gasthof info on selected villages; or click on "Gemeinden" then select desired district; info and small photos of Burgenland village sites; other links (Note: using right-click may generate script errors)(revised description only) o Austrian National Tourist Office http://austria-tourism.at/ - includes vacation tips and links to some hotels; see also the USA link on the "Our internat Pages" drop-down link at http://www.austria-tourism.at/index-usa.html.en (revised description; plus sub-link) o TIScover Burgenland http://www.tiscover.com/burgenland/ - links to the Austrian provinces; click on Burgenland http://www.tiscover.com/1Root/Kontinent/6/Staat/7/Bundesland/22/Homepage/f_ho mepage...1.html> for information on and links to Burgenland villages; or enter your village name in the "Schnellsuche" search field; lists of about 700 hotels, restaurants, Gasthauses, etc. in Burgenlandsome, some with their own websites; to translate, click on "English" in the right upper corner, then select "English/Englisch" from drop-down menu (revised description, plus sub-link) +++++++++++++++ MEMBER CHANGES CHANGE ADDRESS Evelyn Jovicic. NEW Charles Deutsch; St. Paul MN; DEUTSCH, SCHNEIDER, GERSTL in Wallern; LUNZER, SEIFERT in Tadten. Settled in St. Paul Minnesota in 1880's. Robert Gibiser; Muncie, IN. GIBISER, HEILIMAN, Heiligenkreuz, Eltendorf, Poppendorf (?). Immigrated to New York early 1900's (Rudolf Gibiser, Julia Heiliman) Joan E. McGrath; Westminster, MD. PRIENINGER, KREMPEL, UITZ; FALMHAUPT or FALBENHAUT; PREM; POSCH; KRAUSS; HUTTER; FRUEWALD; SCHREY; MESSMER; KINNBACHER. St. Martin an der Raab; Muehlgraben; Windsch-Minihof; Neuhaus am Klausenbach, district of Jennersdorf; and St. Marein am Pichelbach, St. Veit ob Graz; Goesting-Graz; (Styria) and Plawutch bei Eggenberg (Lower Austria. Settled in Philadelphia, PA; New York City; Connecticut, and Maryland. Charles Stuparits; Oak Brook, IL. STUPARITS, Weiden bei Rechnitz, STEFELY, Schachendorf(Cjaita). Settled in Chicago,IL Rich Venturi; Willits, CA. NOVAKOVITZ, KREMSNER, HOLPER, Stegersbach (District of Güssing). Place of settlement; Chicago, IL. REINSTATE Jerome P. Rosenthal; Middle Village, NY, GRATZEL, GRATZL, KRATZEL, WINDISH, WINDISCH, Moschendorf. TAPLER, Grandfather came to America before W.W.I Military passport said his family was from Budapest. END OF NEWSLETTER BURGENLAND BUNCH STAFF Coordinator & Editor Newsletter (Gerald J. 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